Direction-of-Arrival Estimation System for Multipath Propagation in Code-Division Multiple-Access Systems With Synthesized Virtual Planar Array Using Pilot Signals

Here, we propose a method for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) using pilot signals in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. We also report the evaluation of the performance of the proposed method by conducting simulations and experiments in an anechoic chamber and an outdoor environment. This method estimates the DOA of the arrival waves by synthesizing the data received by a virtual planar array using pilot signals. First, we describe a method for synthesizing the data received by the virtual planar array using pilot signals. Next, we present simulation results that confirmed that the accuracy of the estimation based on the virtual planar array was the same as that based on a real planar array. Last, we describe the effectiveness of the proposed system that is demonstrated through experiments in both the anechoic chamber and in an outdoor environment.