Title :
Measurements of frequency stability
Author :
Walls, F.L. ; Allan, David W.
Author_Institution :
National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO, USA
Abstract :
The characterization of frequency stability in the time domain and frequency domain are briefly defined and their relationships explained. Techniques for making precise measurements of frequency fluctuations in oscillators, multipliers, dividers, amplifiers, and other components are discussed. Particular attention is given to methods of calibration which permit accuracies of 1 dB or better to be achieved when measuring in the frequency domain. Common pitfalls to avoid are also covered, and efficient time-domain techniques are explained.
Keywords :
Fluctuations; Frequency domain analysis; Frequency measurement; NIST; Oscillators; Phase measurement; Phase noise; Stability; Time domain analysis; Time measurement;
Journal_Title :
Proceedings of the IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/PROC.1986.13429
