Characterization of refractive index profiles in silver-sodium ion-exchanged glass waveguides for homogeneous refracting waveguide structures

Author

Pantchev, B. ; Nikolov, Z.

Author_Institution

Inst. of Solid State Phys., Sofia, Bulgaria

Volume

29

Issue

9

fYear

1993

fDate

9/1/1993 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

2459

Lastpage

2465

Abstract

The refractive index profiles are investigated for Ag⁺-Na⁺ ion-exchanged waveguides in soda-lime glass. The waveguides with the highest index change, used to design homogeneous refracting waveguide lenses and prisms, are fabricated at 350°C using concentrated melt with composition of 10 mol.% AgNO₃ and 90 mol.% NaNO₃. The profiles of two- and three-mode waveguides are reconstructed from the measured mode refractive indexes. The linear correlation between the index change and the silver concentration in glass is experimentally confirmed. The concentration profiles are numerically simulated on the base of diffusion-exchange theory. It is established that the values of the maximum in index profile near the glass surface tend to a saturation value after a long exchange time

Keywords

diffusion in solids; integrated optics; ion exchange; optical glass; optical waveguides; refractive index measurement; silver; sodium; 350 C; Ag-Na; Ag⁺-Na⁺; AgNO₃; NaNO₃; concentrated melt; concentration profiles; diffusion-exchange theory; glass waveguides; highest index change; homogeneous refracting waveguide lenses; linear correlation; long exchange time; mode refractive indexes; prisms; refractive index profiles; saturation value; silver concentration; silver-sodium ion-exchanged; soda-lime glass; three-mode; two-mode; waveguides; Glass; Lenses; Numerical simulation; Optical design; Optical fibers; Optical waveguides; Refractive index; Silver; Waveguide transitions; Wavelength measurement;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9197

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/3.247703

Filename

247703