Template matching based on a grayscale hit-or-miss transform

This paper introduces a class of rank-order-based template matching criteria that are multiplier-free and independent of the dc variations of the image. The core component of these criteria is a grayscale morphological hit-or-miss transform (GHMT). Experimental results show that the GHMT features sharp and robust indications in the presence of Gaussian noise. The idea of the GHMT is used to develop more general forms of matching criteria that are robust to both Gaussian and impulsive noises