An Adaptive Optimal Control Design for a Bolus Chasing Computed Tomography Angiography

To improve imaging quality and to reduce contrast dose and radiation exposure, an optimal adaptive bolus chasing controller is proposed and tested based on actual patient data. The controller estimates and predicts the unknown 2D bolus density online and then determines the optimal control actions. Tracking errors are mathematically quantified in terms of estimation errors. The test results not only support the analytical analysis and exhibit its superior performance over the current constant-speed controller, but also demonstrate the clinical feasibility.