Review of magnetometry

This article reviews developments in magnetometry since the symposium of the 12th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials in 1966. No new principles have been discovered since then. However, many variations of force, magnetic induction and indirect techniques have been published which satisfy a variety of different applications. The basic principles and selected examples of some of these are discussed. The advantages and limitations of each method are outlined. The choice of a particular technique often depends on the constraints imposed by the specimen environment. Measurements by ac and dc force and magnetic induction, SQUID detectors, moving sample, rotating sample and field, and some indirect techniques are examined.