Experimental characterization of operational amplifiers: a system identification approach-part II: calibration and measurements

Using specially designed broadband periodic random excitation signals, the open loop gain, and the common mode and power supply rejection ratios of operational amplifiers are measured and modeled. The proposed modeling technique 1) takes into account the measurement uncertainty and the nonlinear distortions, 2) gives information about possible unmodeled dynamics, 3) detects, quantifies, and classifies the nonlinear distortions, and 4) provides opamp parameters (time constants, gain-bandwidth product, etc.) with confidence bounds. The approach is suitable for the experimental characterization of operational amplifiers (see Part II) as well as the fast evaluation of new operational amplifiers designs using network simulators (see [12]). Part II handles the calibration of the experimental setup and illustrates the theory on real measurements.