پهنه‌ بندي شهر تهران بر اساس شاخص‌ هاي اجتماعي جمعيتي مدرنيته

Zoning of Tehran based on population and social indicators of modernity

هدف اصلي اين مقاله شناسايي نابرابري‌هاي ناشي از مدرنيزاسيون و پهنه‌بندي شهر تهران از نظر شاخص‌هاي اجتماعي و جمعيتي است تا ميزان دستيابي به اهداف و اصول مدرنيته در مناطق شهر مشخص شده و مناطق سنتي از مناطق مدرن تفكيك گردند. مطالعه از نظر هدف كاربردي و به لحاظ روش توصيفي – تحليلي است. براي اين منظور با استفاده از داده‌هاي ثانويه، نتايج سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن و طرح‌هاي توسعه و عمران شهري، شاخص‌هاي اجتماعي قابل دستيابي از اين داده‌ها استخراج و با تكنيك تاپسيس پردازش گرديده؛ سپس در محيط نرم‌افزار سيستم اطلاعات جغرافيايي به صورت فضايي نمايش داده شد. يافته‌هاي تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه سه پهنه مدرن، در حال گذار و سنتي در تهران قابل تعريف و شناسايي است. پهنه مدرن در شمال و غرب تهران و پهنه در حال گذار در مركز و شرق و پهنه سنتي‌تر در جنوب تهران قرار گرفته است. پهنه‌بندي انجام شده گوياي تفاوت در انطباق‌پذيري مناطق با اصول مدرنيته است. بدين معني كه مدرنيزاسيون اجتماعي در برخورد با سنت‌هاي فعال و پوياي مناطق مختلف شهر، با سرعت و شتاب متفاوتي پيشرفت كرده است. مدرنيزاسيون اجتماعي در تعامل و تقابل با سنت در جنوب دچار چالش بيشتري شده است. اما اين چالش به معني توقف فرايند مدرنيزاسيون نبوده است. جامعه سنتي در پي دروني كردن شاخص‌هاي مدرنيته بوده و در اين فرايند راه و روش خاصي را براي مدرن شدن تعريف كرده است. در مناطق مياني چانه‌زني سنت و مدرنيته شكل گرفته و دگرديسي سنت به مدرنيته را تجربه مي‌كنند. در اين روش مدرنيزاسيون، هيچ يك از مناطق شهر تهران نمي‌توان سنت يا مدرنيته خالص مشاهد كرد.

 Extended abstract 1-Introduction  Tehran as gate way of modern culture and ground for challenges of modernity and tradition has been affected by these changes and reproduced them. It is important to mention that, the entire geographical region of Tehran did not received same amount of changes and south- north differences has created a spatial in equality in the process of physical expansion of Tehran city. By expansion of the city and emerging of dual inequality there were grate necessity for improvement of urban services, planning for improving of socio- cultural indicators and modernization of society. The main problem of the present article is to recognition and distinguishing of spatial and location difference of socio- cultural changes. With emphases to the mentioned problem, the main objective of this study is to recognition and distinguish modern zone from traditional and transactional one through study of modernity social indicators in different region of Tehran city. Thus the article attempts to provide answer to the following questions: From social modernization point of view, urban regions of Tehran are at which level? How can zoning of Tehran regions on the bases of obtaining of modernity social indicators?  To answer these questions the secondary data from 22 regions of Tehran were applied, and for spatial explanation, indicators of Tehran municipality based map were employed. For data processing, TOPSIS techniques was used all calculations were carried out by Excel and SPSS software. The result of the study spatially is shown by the Arc GIS software.         Table (1) characteristics of modern society and studied indicators    Characteristics Of Modern Society   Indicators     Nuclear family   Family size     Per land increase of population   Population density     Decrease of traditional family value   Percentage of never married in population     Increasing of knowledge and science of Human   Literacy percentage     Changing of values and attitudes and weakening of traditional family   Percentage of working women in population     Decreasing of birth rate   Percentage of 0-14 years old in population     Increasing of the standard of living   Number of individual per house     Number of family per house     Family income   Average of house size     migration   Percentage of immigrants     Percentage of population born out of city      2- Theoretical bases Modernization is implementing styles and principals of modernism in a tradition society (Witherick,1991:173Arce,2000:2). Sociologists, define modernization as process of turning a tradition society to a modern society in which creates positive and negative consequences. In third world countries, modernization in clash with tradition obtains different shapes modernization models interpret dualism of tradition and modernism, which in this process societies move from tradition to modernism(Nanda & Warms,2002400). Cannot be find any society which is totally modern of tradition. Shift to a modern situation is a permanent act, and achieving this goal include a spectrum of completely tradition to modern this process of change justifies in quality in indicators. 3-Discussion Regions of Tehran were classified in three categories, based of distance from the ideal level, according to the direction of the primary matrix of indicators, the regions where, obtained the lowest index were included in modern category and vise- versa the regions where, obtained the highest index values and had the high distance. With modernity included as tradition category based on the finding of the research, can be said that, the regions of the Tehran from the view point of social modernization indicators have different levels. According to these indicators, the regions of Tehran can be classified in to three categories of 1) modern regions 2) transitional regions and 3) traditional regions. 4- Conclusion Finding of this research in zoning of regions are conform to the present reality and public imagination of north-south in Tehran. There for can be said that this method of zoning of city can properly interpret the present reality. Social modernization in regions of Tehran in clash with dynamic traditions, extended with different speed and acceleration social modernization in clash with tradition in shout of Tehran faced with serious challenges. On the contrary  in the north of Tehran , tradition provide a batter context for development of modernization programs .and by weakening traditional values or localization of modernism transition from tradition to modernism much more extended native and dynamic tradition of the society in the process of localization of modernism indices , has defined particular methods for modernization . 5-Suggestions  Based on the finding of the research, following suggestions can be provided  a centralized management and plan based on mentioned objective should be organized and implemented. Social development plans should extend its activities with the priority of traditional regions  A study of zoning of Tehran regions carried out by using comprehensive indicators of modernization paradigm. A long term and a short – term plan for managing modernization challenges and conforming tradition to modernism was prepared.Â