كليدواژه :
بافت فرسوده , بافت تاريخي و بافت مياني , بافت داراي اسكان غيررسمي , كيفيت ابنيه
چكيده فارسي :
بافت هاي فرسوده شامل گونه هاي تاريخي، مياني و داراي اسكان غير رسمي هستند كه در حدود 30 درصد بافت هاي شهري با 34 درصد جمعيت شهرنشين نقاط منتخب شهري استان كردستان را شامل ميشود. اين بافتها با مشكلات متعدد كالبدي، اكولوژيكي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي مواجه هستند كه بخش عمده آن ناشي از كيفيت و كميت نازل مساكن آنها در كنار مشكلات اقتصادي است. در عين حال اين بافتها پتانسيل‌هاي مناسبي براي تأمين مسكن در شهرها را فراهم مي‌كنند. توجه به اين بافتها در راستاي احياء و توانمندسازي آنها براي حل مشكلات خود اين بافتها و نيز راه حلي براي توسعه فيزيكي شهرها با استفاده از توسعه دروني اهميت حياتي دارد. اين مطالعه به روش تحليلي ـ توصيفي انجام شده و از نتايج طرح ها و مطالعات انجام شده و نيز آمارهاي رسمي كشور استفاده شده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان ميدهد كه 30 درصد بافت شهرهاي منتخب با 34 درصد جمعيت شهرنشين جزء بافتهاي فرسوده است؛ كه در اين بافت تنها 30 درصد واحدها از نظر كيفي در رده قابل قبول و از نظر كمي تنها 43/6 درصد در گروه قابل نگهداري قرار دارند. در اين بافت تراكم خالص مسكوني 200 نفر در هكتار نسبت به ميانگين كشوري بيشتر است.
چكيده لاتين :
1- Introdution
The main section of the old texture is related to qualitative and quantitative inadequacies of houses. Numerous factors has resulted in high demotion of qualitative and quantitative situation in these textures such as historical, cultural and economical factors. Whereas the house is addressed as thing further than housing (konap,1982:35). Therfore, the necessity of special glance to insufficiencies and inadequacies of house section in old texture can resulted in solving the great section of insufficiencies of this kind of textures.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the urban old- textures general Practical solutions for decreasing current problems and challenges and also using the potential of these textures to endogenous development. Studied area of old textures are cities including Sanandaj, Saghghez,Ghorveh, Marivan and Baneh as Most populous cities in Kurdistan.
2- Theortical bases
Overal, global theorists of urban old textures have addrssed to present their viewpoints in three poles of culturalism, functionalism and realism (Azizi,1379:38).
Overal, used politics in advanced countries have been (Reconstruction) in 1950s, (Renewal) in 1960s, (Revival) in 1970s, (Redevelopment) in 1980s and from 1990s (Recreation). Also, in developing countries following to advanced countries various actions have been done includings psychology, reformation, the revival of cultural, reformation and development (Poor-Ahmad & Kalantari,1385:26).
3- Disscution
1-3- Determinig the old texture in selected urban points
The scope of various kinds of old texture have been identified in selected cities of kurdistan province as following:
Baneh and Marivan cities have the highest percentage of historical kind from old texture among cities of the pronivce and Sagh-ghez and Ghorveh cities have the most percentage by more than 50 percentage of middle-texture kind from old texture. Also Babeh city by 39/7 percentage of marginal kind of the whole of old texture have the highest percetage from the texture.
2-3- Qualitative and Quantitative chracteristics of house in old texture of selected urban points.
Marivan city has the worst qualitative and quantitative situation and Ghorveh city has the best situation. The residential-refined-population average is 450 persons in hectare in old texture of selected cities and in the whole of scope of selected cities is 395 persons in hectare. This rate is very high in comparison with the population average of 40-yearly-period in country urban points which is equal to 233/3 persons in hectare (Ziari,162:1388).
Achieved per capitas residential is very low relative to per capitas standard and also the lack of residential units is very considerable in existing situation regarding to household standard to residential unit. More than 33 percentage in old texture have destructive and destroyed quality. and only 29/5 percentage have destructive and destroyed quality and 41 percentage have acceptable quality. In the mean time, valuable buildings include lower than 5 percentage in the both scopes.
3-3- Estimating the lack of house in urban texture
3-3-1- Estimating the lack of house by using of household index
In exsisting situation, in the scope of old texture, there are 11171 destructive units and 383 destroyed units that equal to 11554 on the whole. Also, in the whole of urban regions there are 27396 destructive units and 887 destroyed units that faced with the lack of hous, equal to 28283 in exsisting situation totally.
4- conclusion
The part of housing faces with the quality and quantity numerous existing problems so that we see more than 200 in comparison to country-average in housing Net mass index, the Shortage of 28 sq. per a person in residential land Capitation and we observe the 13 percentage difference in household index relative to Housing units. The balance of the shortage of housing unit result from Improvement of household index to housing unit is equivalent to 5609 units and the shortage result from the quality of Ruin and destruction is equivalent to 11554 units in old texture. The study of these indexes show that the whole of the shortage of housing in old-texture of selected cities is equivalent to 18063 units.
5- Proposals
3. The difference in area, Distribution, quantity and quality of buildings and the type of texture appears the necessity of the view according to the qualification of any city. Therefore, we must consider Strategies, policies and proportional administrative plans while paying attention to rehabilitation and reconstruction experiences of old textures in other worlds and in our country either. Rehabilitation and reconstruction of urban old texture can be considered as the main development strategy of intracity in Koordistan province especially in its great cities that they face with the problem of the high shortage of land physical development.
