تهيه و اعتبارسنجي پرسشنامه ارزيابي وضعيت ايمني پمپ بنزين هاي شهري

Preparation and Psychometry of a Safety Assessment Questionnaire for Urban Gas Stations

سابقه و هدف: پمپ بنزين ها يكي از اجزاي شبكه ي گسترده حمل، توزيع و فروش فرآورده هاي سوختي در كشور محسوب مي شود. شواهد نشان مي دهد كه پتانسيل بروز حوادث مهيب در اين مراكز به دليل قرارگيري آنها درون بافت شهري بسيار زياد است. سازمان هاي مختلفي با دستورالعمل ها و آيين نامه هاي مختص خود بر وضعيت ايمني پمپ بنزين ها نظارت مي كنند. هدف از اين تحقيق تهيه و اعتباربخشي پرسشنامه اي جهت ارزيابي وضعيت ايمني پمپ بنزين هاي شهري بر اساس دستورالعمل ها و آيين نامه هاي سازمان هاي ناظر مي باشد. روش بررسي: در اين مطالعه ي ساخت ابزار استانداردها و آيين نامه هاي سازمان هاي ناظر بر فعاليت و ايمني پمپ بنزين ها در كشور جمع آوري شد. سپس بندها و مفاد مرتبط با ايمني بر اساس رويكردهاي چهارگانه در استراتژي هاي ايمني فرآيند (ايمني ذاتي، ايمني غيرفعال، ايمني فعال و دستورالعمل هاي ايمني) استخراج و پرسشنامه اوليه ساخته شد. در گام بعد، روايي صوري (12 خبره) و روايي محتوايي (10 خبره) پرسشنامه مورد بررسي و اعتبارسنجي قرار گرفت. يافته ها: از بررسي اوليه ي استانداردها و دستورالعمل هاي موجود 136 سوال مرتبط با ايمني پمپ بنزين استخراج شد. در جريان سنجش روايي پرسشنامه، محتوا و كاركرد تمامي سوالات توسط پنل خبرگان بررسي و در چهار گروه ايمني ذاتي (7 سوال)، ايمني فعال (2 سوال)، ايمني غيرفعال (47 سوال) و دستورالعمل هاي ايمني (80سوال) قرار گرفتند. پس از سنجش روايي صوري و محتوايي با توجه به مقدار قابل قبول شاخص روايي محتوايي (CVI=0.79) و شاخص نسبت روايي محتوايي (CVR=0.62) تعداد سوالات پرسشنامه به 66 سوال كاهش يافت. ثبات دروني پرسشنامه بر اساس آماره آلفاي كرونباخ 0.906 و پايايي آزمون بر اساس آماره ICC با حدود اطمينان 95% و توافق بين پاسخ دهندگان 0.906 و F test= 10.671 و 0.001 p-value= بين 0.862-0.942 محاسبه گرديد كه بيانگر توافق بسيار عالي بين پاسخ دهندگان مي باشد. نتيجه گيري: نتايج نشان داد كه سازمان هاي ناظر بر پمپ بنزين ها در مواردي به صورت كاملا موازي عمل مي كنند. همچنين بسيار كمي از بندهاي قوانين و دستورالعمل هاي ايمني پمپ بنزين ها به استراتژي هاي كارآمدتر ايمني (ايمني ذاتي و ايمني فعال) مربوط بوده و عمده قوانين بر به كارگيري روش هاي ايمني غيرفعال و دستورالعمل هاي ايمني متمركز هستند. لذا در بازنگري مقررات بايد اين يافته بسيار مهم مورد توجه قرار گيرد. ازآنجايي كه پرسشنامه ي طراحي شده جامع بوده و از روايي و پايايي بسيار خوبي برخوردار است مي تواند به طور مشترك توسط تمام سازمان هاي ذيربط مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و از موازي كاري بكاهد

Background and Objective: Gas stations are the major component of the petroleum supply in a country. Few organizations are overlooking the safety status of gas stations using their specific guidelines and regulations. Numerous gas station accidents have demonstrated a huge potential for fire incidents in these centers due to their location in urban areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was a psychometric analysis of a newly developed questionnaire for assessment of urban gas stations based on the guidelines of regulatory organizations. Materials and Methods: In this study, a safety questioner based on standards and regulatory guideline of governing organizations responsible for the operation and safety of gas stations in the country was considered. Then, terms and conditions related to safety were extracted based on four approaches to the safety strategies (inherent safety, passive safety, active safety and safety instructions) and a primary questionnaire was made. In the next step, face validity (12 experts) and content validity (10 experts) of the questionnaire, was reviewed to check its validity. Results: 136 questions related to the safety matters was extracted from regulating bodies of the gas station, were extracted. For validation processes of the safety questionnaire in this study, the content, and performance of all questions by the panel of experts reviewed and organized in four groups of inherent safety (7 questions), active safety (2 questions), passive safety (47 questions ) and safety instructions (80 questions). According to the acceptable face and content validity indices (CVI = 0.79) and (CVR = 0.62) respectively, the number of questions in the questionnaire reduced to 66 questions. an‎d the internal consistency of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha statistic was 0.906 and reliability test based on ICC statistic is 0.906 with 95% Confidence limits and 906/0 agreement between the variant and F test = 10/671 and p-value = 0.001 to about 0/942 - 0/862, which it represents a strong agreement between variant. Conclusion: Results showed that governing organizations on gas stations in some cases have parallel objectives. Also, very few provisions of the rules and safety guidelines of gas stations were related to more effective safety strategies (inherent safety and active safety), however, the most of provisions were focused on the use of inactive safety and instructions procedures. It is recommended that present regulations according to the findings of this study to be reviewed. The validated questionnaire of this study could be very helpful in the safety assessment of metropolitan gas stations and it can be used jointly by the governing organizations for the safety purposes.