نقد معيارهاي سنجش اعتبار دست نويس هاي فارسي

A Review on the Criteria of Evaluating the Reliability of Persian Manuscripts

متون ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ادﺑﯽ از ﻟﺤﻈﮥ ﮔﺮدآوري دﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺘﺸـﺎر اﺛـﺮ ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ ﮔﻮﻧـﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ را ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ، ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ. در ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ، ﻧﺨﺴﺖ دﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺲ ﯾﺎ دﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰاﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و دﻗﺖ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ ي ﺗﻮأم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻣﺘﻦ ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺷﺪه دﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﺮ و اﺻﯿﻞ ﺗﺮي ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر دﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرِ ﮐﺎﺗﺒﺎن، ﻣﺆﯾﺪان، زﻣﺎن ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺖ، ﺗﺒﺎر، و ﺳﺒﮏ دﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ دﺳﺘﮥ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ و ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ و ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻧﻘـﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ روش ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر دﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺲ ﻫﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘـﯽ از دو ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﮐﻤﯿﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ دﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺲ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ.

Historical and literary texts, pass various stages from the moment of collecting manuscripts to publishing. In this process, the most important and influential step is textual criticism. In this criticism, first, the concerning manuscript or manuscripts are evaluated. This evaluation is the basic foundation of textual criticism and to what extent this takes place scientific methods and more accuracy, the result will be presented more accurately and primarily. In this article, the criteria for evaluation the reliability of Persian manuscripts have been recognized and according to scribes, corroborants, date of calligraphy, Genealogy, and Stylistics have been divided to five main groups, and each one of these criteria has been studied, recognized, and reviewed. After reviewing the criteria, it has been shown that none of these criteria can be the only criterion for evaluation the reliability, and the best way for evaluating the manuscripts is using a combination of two or more criteria based on the quantity and quality of manuscripts.