درآمدي بر تحليل محتواي مكتوبات انتقادي مرتبط با مسائل سياسي ‌ـ ‌اجتماعي ايران

An Introduction to Content Analysis of Critical Papers Related to Iran's Political-Social Issues

در ﻣﻘﺎﻟه ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ـ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻳﺮان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰان رﻋﺎﻳﺖ اﺻﻮل ﻧﻘﺪ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﻻت اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و ﺟﺎﻣﻌه آﻣﺎري آن 123 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي، اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻪ دﻫه ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رسيده و ﺑﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮔﺮان در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛـﻪ در 56/7 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت و ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ آﺛﺎر ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت و ﻳﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳـﺖ. در 65/8 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ (ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ) ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ در 14/2 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺑﺮاي رﻓﻊ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد و راه ﻛـﺎر اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﮔﻔـﺖ ﺗـﺎ رﻋﺎﻳـﺖ ﺷـﺪن ﻗﻮاﻋـﺪ ﻧﻘـﺪ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ و ﺑﻲ ﻃﺮﻓﺎﻧﻪ و ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ از ﻗﻀﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺐ داراﻧﻪ در ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺤـﻮﻻت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ـ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻳﺮان و ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻧﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ آﺛﺎر ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﺎن ﻓﺎﺻﻠه زﻳﺎدي وﺟﻮد دارد.

This article analyzed critical papers related to the political-social issues of Iran. The purpose of the research was to identify the observance level of the fundamentals of criticism and scientific evaluation in critical papers. The method was content analysis, and the statistical population consisted of 123 articles, all critical texts published in various sources over the past three decades and available to researchers. Findings of the research showed that in 56.7% of the critical papers both the strengths and weaknesses of the works have been considered, and in the rest of the papers, only strengths or weaknesses have been considered. Also, in 65.8 percent of the papers, it is focused on the author's critique (positive or negative). In addition, only 14.2% of the papers have been provided with suggestions and solutions to address the shortcomings of the studies. Accordingly, it should be argued that there is still a long way to follow the rules of scientific critique and impartiality and avoidance of biased judgments in the criticism of books related to the political-social changes in Iran and the criticism of other works.