نقدي بر كتاب هژموني: شكل تازه اي از قدرت جهاني

Hegemony: The New Shape of Global Power: review of book

ﻛﺘﺎب "ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﻲ: ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺎزه اي از ﻗﺪرت ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ" در ﺳﺎل 2005 ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺎن اﮔﻨﻴـﻮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و در اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات "داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻤﭙﻞ" (Tempel University) ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳـﺖ اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺗﺌﻮري ﺟﺪﻳﺪ درﺑﺎره ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﻲ (Hegemony) اﺳـﺖ. ﺗـﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺳـﻪ ﺗﺌﻮري در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﻲ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. آﻧﭽﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺘـﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ، ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﺷﻜﻨﻲ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم و ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت راﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﻲ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ روﻳﻜﺮد اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي و اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﺌﻮري را ﻣﻄﺮح و ﭘﺮدازش ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺌﻮري اﮔﻨﻴﻮ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺌﻮري ﻫﺎي ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎنه ﻗﺒﻞ، ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻮري ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﻲ و ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي آن اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﺗﻜﺜﺮﮔﺮاﻳﺎﻧﻪ اﮔﻨﻴﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮري ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﻛﻪ از ﺳﻮي رﺋﺎليست ها ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺧﺎﻟﻲ از ﻧﻘﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ. اﮔﻨﻴﻮ آﻧﭽﻨﺎن ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﺎزد ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ در اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺧﺎرج از ﺣﻮزه ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ آن، ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﻧﺪارد. ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﻳﺠﺎد ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﻲ را ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨـﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ دوﻟـﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ دوم ﻗﺮن ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ (آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ) ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي ﻏﻴﺮﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ اﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ، ﻫﻴﭻ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻲ در ﭘﺎﻳـﺎن اﻳـﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ.

"Hegemony: a new form of global power" written by John Agnew and published in "Temple University" 2005. The importance of this book is to design a new theory on the issue of hegemony. After this, three theories exist on the issue of hegemony. Whatever made it different than other books, deconstruct concepts and a critical approach in the context of a new theory. This book has been theorized and processing fourth theory. The Foundation of Agnew’s theory versus the three previous, emphasizing the society Oriented of hegemony and the process of its formation. But Agnew’s Pluralistic viewpoint to central issue of international political economy, that is Bring up by Realists as well, not free from criticism. Agnew so attacks government that the audience thinks government does not have any role in economy outside the scope of the community and the social forces. Based on this, how we can accept that hegemony establishment by the most powerful government in the second half of the twentieth century (USA) has been non-governmental process, no answer at the end of the book does not get.