نقدي بر كتاب «چالش مدرنيته؛ جهان عرب در جستجوي اصالت»

Review of "The Challenge of Modernity, the Quest for Authenticity in the Arab World"

ﻫﺪف ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ، ﯾـﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺳـﺨﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ﺷﮑﺴـﺖ ﭘـﺮوژه ﻧﻮﺳـﺎزي در ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ردﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﺎﺳﺎزواري ﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳـﺖ. ﻟـﺆي ﺻﺎﻓﯽ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ذﻫﻨﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در آراء دﮐﺎرت و ﮐﺎﻧـﺖ را ﻣـﺮور ﮐـﺮده، ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ دو ﻣﺪل ﻣﺎرﮐﺴﯽ و وﺑﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ از ﺣﯿﺚ ﻧﻈﺮي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. او ﺑـﺎ اوﻟﻮﯾـﺖ دادن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺧﻮد را در اﯾـﻦ زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣـﯽ ﮐﻨـﺪ. ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه، اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮان و روﺷﻨﻔﮑﺮان ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم از اﺑﺘﺪاي روﯾﺎروﯾﯽ آﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ دو روﯾﻪ ي ﺗﻤﺪن ﻣﺪرن ﻏﺮب، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ اﺳﺖ. او ﺗﻼش ﮐـﺮده ﺗـﺎ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ي اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن و ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﻋﺮب ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻀﻠﻪ ي ﺳﻨﺖ ـ ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺘﻪ را از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺤـﻮه ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد آﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺮاث اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾـﺎن ﺳـﺎزد. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾـﺖ، ﺻـﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮ آﻧﺴـﺖ ﮐـﻪ راه ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﻏﺮب ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﺬرد و ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻻﻧﻪ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿـﺮاث اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ و ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮدي ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ادﻋﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨـﺪ از ﻣـﺪل ﻫـﺎي ﻏﺮﺑـﯽ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ رﻓﺘﻪ، اﻣﺎ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻠﯽ، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻫﻤﺎن ﺿﺮورت رﺟﻮع ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺮاث در اﻣﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ازاﯾﻦ رو، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ را ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﺪﺧﻠﯽ در ﺑﺎب ﺿﺮورت ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، از ﺣﯿﺚ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ اﺑﻬﺎﻣـﺎت و اﯾﻬﺎﻣﺎﺗﯽ در ﮐﺘﺎب دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

The purpose of this book is to find the answer to the failure of the modernization project in the Middle East. He does this by tracing the fundamental contradictions of the culture of the region. Louay Safi after reviewing the formation of the mentality of development in ideas of Descartes and Kant, then he discussed the comparison of two theoretical models of Marxian and Weberian development. He through giving priority to structures of knowledge and culture, clarifies his position on this matter. The author analyzes the notion of intellectuals in the Muslim world since the beginning of facing with two layers of the Western modern civilization, the colonial and technological progress. He tries to analyze Arab and Muslim scholars' exposure to the problem of tradition-modernity through showing how they deal with of Islamic and Arabic heritage. Safi, finally, believes that a local development will be achieved by meant of an active and critical return to the Arab Islamic heritage; and the path of development leads not only to the West. Although the author claims that he goes beyond the Western models, but in the end, he just presents an overall view, namely the need to refer to the heritage development. Therefore, this work can only be considered as an entry in necessity of the local development. Furthermore, it also can be seen methodological confusion and discord in the book.