نقدي بر كتاب «ماكس وبر و نظريه سياست مدرن»

Book review of "Max Weber and the Theory of Modern Politics"

ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﺎﮐﺲ وﺑﺮ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﺪرن ﻧﮕﺎرش دﯾﻮﯾﺪ ﺑﯿﺘﻬﺎم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻣـﺘﻦ در ﺑﺎب اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺎﮐﺲ وﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺰوم ﻧﻘﺪ ﺑﻮﯾﮋه در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻣﻌﺎرف ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در اﯾـﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻧﻘﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﻮه اي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺰارش را از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ وﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻣﺤﻮري وﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دورﻧﻤﺎي ﭘﺎرﻟﻤﺎن ﺧﻮاﻫﯽ ﻟﯿﺒﺮال در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﻗﺘـﺪار ﻃﻠﺐ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﻮده اي و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي دﯾﻮان ﺳﺎﻻراﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد و ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﯾﻦ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ او را ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺳـﯽ ﮐﺸـﺎﻧﺪه اﺳـﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﺛـﺮ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ درﺑﺎره ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺎﮐﺲ وﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ آﻧﮑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً داراي ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺑﻮده، از ﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ و از ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ، ﻃﻤﻄﺮاق و ﺛﻘﻞ ادﺑﯽ ﺑـﻪ دور ﺑﻮده و روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺑﯿﻄﺮﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ آن ﺣﺎﮐﻢ اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻫﺮ اﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﯽ ﻧﯿﺎز از ﻧﻘﺪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ و ﻧﮕﺎرﺷﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺣﺘﯽ اﻻﻣﮑﺎن ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ و ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽ ﻫﺎي آن ﺑﻪ دور از ﭘـﯿﺶ داوري و ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻦ در ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﻮد.

We briefly reviewed and criticized the book of “Max Weber and the Theory of Modern Politics”of the David Beethamin this paper, according to the principle criticism, particularly in realm of politics on the one hand, and the importance of this work on the other hand. This work produces the most comperhensive about political theory Max Weber with analytical method and historical Perspective. It studies review of the central concern Weber to Prospects for liberal parliament in authoritarian societies in the era of mass politics and bureaucratic organizations briefly, and shows how this concern has lead him to review in theory of democracy. Special feature of this book is full dominance of writer about widespread German works in political thought of Weber.This book is authoritative guide about political philosophy of Max Weber and although it has rather a logical structure but it is rather understandable and it is away from complexity, grandiloquence,literary gravity and ambiguity, and moderation approach governs it. While needs to review and criticism like any other scientific work. So,we've reviewed this book, based on rational and methodical criteria, in this article and we've tried to express as far as possible its advantages and disadvantages without prejudice and ignorant.