بازشناسي كتاب «مدرنيته سياسي» و نقد آن

Recognition of political modernity and review this book

ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺪرﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻻرﻳﺴﻢ و ﻻﺋﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ را ﻧﻴﺰ رﻳﺸﻪ در ﻋﺪم ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ، دوﻟﺖ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣـﺪﻧﻲ و ﻓﺮد و ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ داﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮاي آرﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻟﻴﺒﺮاﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ و ﺳﻜﻮﻻرﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻮده و در ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻜﻮﻻرﻳﺴﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﻣـﻮرﻳﺲ ﺑﺎرﺑﻴـﻪ اﻣـﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ﻏـﺮب را ﮔﻮﻳـﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ اي ﻏﺎﻳﻲ و از آنِ ﻣﻠﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻬﺘﺮ ﭘﻨﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺗﻦ دادن ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ ﻫـﺎ را ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷـﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ داﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮاﻣﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪرﻧﻴﺘـﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ دﺳـﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘـﻪ اﻧـﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻛﺮده ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮش ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﭘﺮوازاﻧﻪ، ﮔﺎم ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎم و ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻬـﺮهﮔﻴـﺮي از اﻧﺒـﺎن ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ رﻓﺘﮕﺎن ﺑﻪ آن دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ. ﻏﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻨﺪاﺷﺘﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺧﻮد، ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺑـﺮاي ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺜﺎل اﮔﺮ ﺟﻮاﻣـﻊ اﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺎي ﻻﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺘﻪ، اﺳـﻼم را ﺑـﺮاي ﺣـﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد و اﻓﻖ ﻫﺎي ﭘـﻴﺶ روي رﺟﺤـﺎن ﺑﺨﺸـﻴﺪه و ﺳﻜﻮﻻرﻳﺴـﻢ را ﺑـﺮﻧﺘﺎﺑﻴﺪﻧـﺪ، ﺳﻜﻮﻻرﻳﺴﻢ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب راه رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ آن ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت و ﺿـﻌﻒ ﺷـﻜﻠﻲ و ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاﻳﻲ ﻛﺘـﺎب، ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب از ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﻪ ﺳـﺎزي و ﺗﺠﻮﻳﺰﻫـﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ.

The political modernity is a book about the secularism and secular values. The author believes that current problems of society have roots in in differentiation between public and private sphere state and civil society and individual and citizen. This book is based on liberal and secular ideals and justifies the issues of secularism. However, Maurice Barbier assumes the west experience the ultimate experience of noble nations and suggests that surrendering such separations is destiny of all societies. He advises to the countries deprived of political modernity not to have ambitious leaps and try to use from treasure of their ancestors’ accumulated experiences and move forward gradually. Considering their model as a perfect one, western countries made some problems for other communities. For instance, if Islamic societies prefer Islam rules as a model for their problem solving and future perspective then secularism will not turn to a problem requiring to be dealt. Rethinking and investigating weakness and strengths of content and structures of this book, it was revealed that the author of book turns from sophisticated problem solving to problem making and unjustifiable advices.