نقد موانع بين‌ المللي و ملي حمايت از توليد داخلي و راهكارهاي حقوقي آن

Critique of international and national barriers to domestic production and its legal solutions

فعاليتهاي توليدي صريحاَ در ماده 2 قانون تجارت ايران پيش بيني و از اعمال تجاري ذاتي تلقي گرديده است. بلاشك رشد توليد، پيش زمينه توسعه اقتصادي بوده كه تبعاَ حمايت از توليد داخلي و بهبود محيط كسب و كار، امروزه در اولويت برنامه هاي مطالعاتي حقوق تجاري و اقتصادي قرار گرفته و از اين طريق زمينه هاي گسترده اي براي تحقق آن فراهم آمده كه آناتومي قراردادهاي توليدي، مديريت حقوقي قراردادهاي سرمايه گذاري خارجي، پيشگيري از دامپينگهاي وارداتي، تصويب قوانين حمايتي حاكم بر مناطق ويژه اقتصادي، اصلاح قوانين مالياتي، مبارزه با قاچاق كالا و ارز، بازنگري در قوانين بانكي و تسهيل مشاركت فعالان تجاري و صنعتي خارجي در كشور از مصاديق بارز آن مي باشد. اما محدوديت هاي ناشي از تحريم هاي بين المللي از يك طرف و الزامات الحاق سازمان جهاني تجارت از سوي ديگر، و نهايتاَ خلاء ها و ابهامات قوانين و مقررات جاري در كنار ضعف سياست هاي اقتصادي مانع بزرگي براي حمايت از توليد داخلي بوده، بطوريكه از ديرباز به عنوان چالش ميان حمايتگرايي و جهاني شدن اقتصاد مطرح و نقد وضعيت حقوقي موجود جهت تبيين يك نظام حمايتي مطلوب با استفاده از تجارب كشورهاي پيشرفته در فرآيند صنعتي شدن كشور و رقابتي كردن اقتصاد داخلي را ضروري ساخته است.

The manufacturing and production activities have been explicitly predicted in article 2 of the Iranian Trade Act and have been considered as inherent to commerce. The growth of production is the foreground of economic development, and support of domestic production and the improvement of business environment, is nowadays the priority of study programs in commercial and economic law, through which, there are now broad fields available for its realization; and the evident conformation of which include anatomy of manufacturing contracts, legal management of foreign investment contracts, prevention of imported dumping, the adoption of supportive laws governing special economic zones, modification of tax laws, combating contraband of goods and foreign exchange, reviewing banking laws, and facilitating the participation of foreign trade and industrial activists in the country. But the constraints of international sanctions from one hand, and the WTO integration requirements on the other hand, and, finally, the deficiencies and ambiguities about current laws and regulations, along with the weakness of economic policies, have been a major barrier to domestic production, which has long been a challenge between protectionism and globalization of the economy and made the critique of the existing legal status a necessity to explain the desired supportive system, using the experiences of advanced countries in the process of industrialization of the country and the competitiveness of the domestic economy.