بررسي و اندازه‌ گيري فلزات سنگين نيكل، سرب، مس، منگنز، روي، كادميوم و واناديوم در سبزي‌ هاي خوراكي جنوب پالايشگاه تهران

The Survey and Measurement of Ni, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd and V Content in Green Vegetables of South Area of Tehran Refinery

اﻣﺮوزه ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آب و ﺧﺎك، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻧﻔﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻔـﺖ ﺧﯿـﺰ از ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﯽ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺗﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ در ﻣﻌﺮض اﯾﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ، ﺟﻨـﻮب ﺷـﺮﻗﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داراي اراﺿﯽ وﺳﯿﻊ ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺖ و در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ آﻟﻮده ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺸـﮕﺎه ﺗﻬـﺮان، ﺧﻄـﻮط اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻔﺖ، ﭘﺴﺎب ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﺮار دارد. از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ ﮐﺸـﺖ ﺷـﺪه در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻬﺮان را ﺑﺮآورده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﺲ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ، واﻧﺎدﯾﻮم، ﮐﺮوم، ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم، ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ، ﺳﺮب و روي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺷﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت و ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ ﮐﻤﯽ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري و ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي SPSS و MVSP ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖآﻣﺪه و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داراي ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوﺗﯽ از ﻓﻠـﺰات ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ و از 14 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه، ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﯿﺎز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي اﻏﻠﺐ ﻓﻠﺰات را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑـﺎﻻي ﻓﻠـﺰات را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺮب و ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﻔﺘﯽ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﻣﺒﯿﻦ وﺟﻮد آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﻔﺘﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Oil pollution is one of the most critical soil and water pollutant. Areas which are subjected to oil industry may have this kind of pollution by different ways such as extraction, transformation and refining. The example of these areas is south east of Tehran refinery which is surrounded by agricultural fields and are subjected by pollution via Tehran refinery, oil transforming lines, waste water and industrial activities. Since the crops from this area is providing the needs of neighbor cities like Tehran, to realize their oil pollution, the content of some heavy metals like Ni, V, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn has been measured. The results analyzed by analytical method include SPSS and MVSP. Finally the relation between elements and pollution has been recognized. The result of this survey showed the high heavy metal content in most plants which were higher than similar research. Onion had the highest amount of most heavy metals. Ni and Pd content were high in plants which are indicator of oil pollution.