بررسي خصوصيات رويشگاهي گل ماهور (Verbascum songaricum Schrenk.) در زيست بوم هاي مرتعي زاگرس

Investigation of habitat characteristics of Verbascum songaricum schrenk in rangeland ecosystems of zagros

ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺟﺰء اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺎم ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻧﺒﻮه اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت روﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ داروﯾﯽ ﮔـﻞ ﻣـﺎﻫﻮر Verbascum songaricum در زاﮔﺮس ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺮﺗﻌـﯽ دره ﺣـﻮض، ﻗﻬﯿـﺰ، ورودي ﺳﻤﯿﺮم، ﻗﻠﻌﻪﻗﺪم و دﻧﺎ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﮔﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻮر در اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻫـﺎي اﺻـﻔﻬﺎن و ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾـﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ اﮐﻮﻟـﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎت اﻗﻠﯿﻤـﯽ، ﻓﯿﺰﯾـﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮاي ﮔﯿﺎه در روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﺗﻤـﺎﯾﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﮔﻞ ﻣـﺎﻫﻮر در ﻣﺮاﺗﻌـﯽ ﺑـﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎرش ﺣﺪود (500-300) ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ، درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺣﺪود 9/4 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد، اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺮد روﯾﺶ دارد. ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك در ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ 0/5 تا 0/9ds/m و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ در داﻣﻨﻪ 0/3-0/9 درﺻﺪ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در داﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و ﺷﺮﻗﯽ و داﻣﻨﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 2400 ﺗﺎ 2900 ﻣﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي، ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در دو روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻤﺪه ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه اول، ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ دره ﺣﻮض و ﻗﻬﯿﺰ و روﯾﺸـﮕﺎه دوم، ورودي ﺳﻤﯿﺮم، ﻗﻠﻌﻪ ﻗﺪم و دﻧﺎ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Identifying endemic medicinal plants needs is the main steps taken to mass production of them. The main purpose for the present study is to considering of habitat characteristics of Verbascum songaricum schrenk in central zagros region in Iran. The current study was conducted in five rangeland sites in Dareh Hose, Ghahiz, Semirom, Ghale Ghadam and Dena as the most important V. songaricum habitats in Isfahan and kohgiluyeh and Buyerahmad provinces. Ecological factors including climate, physiography and soil physicochemical properties were evaluated. To determining similarity and differences between habitat, cluster analysis was used. The results showes V. songaricum grows where areas with precipitation between 300-500mm ranges, average annual temperature of 9.4 C and semi cold climate. Electrical conductivity of soil had a range between 0.5 to 0.9 ds/m and its organic matter varied from 0.3 to 0.9 %. According to results, the species is distributed in southern and eastern aspects and 2400 to 2900 meters above sea level. with respect to cluster analysis, study areas were located in two main habitats where the first one involve Dareh Hose, Ghahiz and second ones include Semirom, Ghale Ghadam and Dena.