بررسي برخي عوامل بوم شناختي مؤثر بر پراكنش مهمترين گياهان دارويي در مرتع اولنگ استان گلستان

Investigating the most important environmental factors affecting on distribution of medicinal plants in the rangeland of Olang, Golestan province

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ از ﻣﻮارد ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﮐﯽ و ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ اوﻟﻨﮓ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ-ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻼت ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ده ﻣﺘﺮ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧ ﻪﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮ روي 10 ﺗﺮاﻧﺴـﮑﺖ 100 ﻣﺘﺮي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ، ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ، درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪ. ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﭘﻼت ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﯾﮏ در ﻣﯿﺎن از ﻋﻤﻖ 30-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮداﺷـﺖ ﺷـﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي داروﯾﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ، ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ روش آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرﻓﯽ (CCA) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭼﺮاي ﺳﺒﮏ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ درﺻﺪ ﺷﻦ ﺧﺎك (0/487) و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آوﯾﺸﻦ (3/057) در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮاي ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﻞ ﺧﺎك (2/177) و ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ آوﯾﺸـﻦ (2/73) ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮر 1 ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮏ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭼﺮاي ﺳﺒﮏ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ و درﺻﺪ ﺷﻦ ﺧﺎك و در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭼﺮاي ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ، ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺷـﯿﺐ و درﺻﺪ ﺳﯿﻠﺖ ﺧﺎك ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ را در ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

The present research was implemented to determine the effect of some soil and topographic factors on the distribution of medicinal plants in the rangeland of Olang, Golestan province. In the study area, random_systematic method using 100 one meter square plots had been done. Plant parameters such as density, abundance, and canopy cover were measured in each plot, respectively. In order to measure some physical and chemical properties of soil, soil sampling was implemented in 0-30 cm in some plots. Cononical corespondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine the correlation between the environmental factors and medicinal plant species, inter-relation between environmental factors and determining the most important ecological factor affecting on distribution of selected medicinal plants. The results showed that the most important soil characteristics effecting on distribution of medicinal plants in this area, were potassium, nitrogen, stones and pebbles, phosphorus, temperature and topographic factors had the significant effect on setteling of these plants, were aspect, slope and altitude