بررسي فلورستيك و ويژگي هاي اكولوژيكي گياهان ماسه دوست در زيست بوم دشت سبزوار

Floristic study and Ecological characteristics of rangelands in the Sandy land of Sabzevar of Sabzevar plain

از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﮏ و ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻠﻮر و وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي آن ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. در ﺗﭙﻪ ﻫﺎ و اراﺿﯽ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ اي ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ دﺷﺖ ﺳﺒﺰوار، روﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﻪ دوﺳﺖ و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ روﯾﺶ دارﻧﺪ و ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﻂ ﯾﺎ ﺳﺒﺪ (Stipagrostis pennata) اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻣﺤﺪوده اﯾﻦ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﮐﻠﯽ روﯾﺸـﮕﺎه از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﭘﺴـﺘﯽ و ﺑﻠﻨـﺪي، ارﺗﻔـﺎع، ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎك، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك و ﻧﻮع و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ- ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ و ﺧﺎك ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺑﺮاي آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ داده ﻫﺎ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Spss اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. در ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ زاري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﯿﭗ Salsola - Astragalus - Stipagrostis ﺑﻮد و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳـﺒﻂ در ﺑﯿﻦ 11 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و زادآوري را داﺷﺖ، ﮐﻪ داراي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮدي در زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮐﻢ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه در ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﮐﻢ و ﺣﺪود 150 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ و اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك داراي ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯿﺖ 9/7 ﺗـﺎ 4/8 و ﻫـﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑـﯽ 34/0ds/m ﺗـﺎ 44/0ds/m روﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ دارﻧﺪ. در آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي روﯾﺸﯽ و ﺧﺎك روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺴﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﻂ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﺧﺎك، راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﻮده و ﺧﺎك اﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Development of vegetation is the most important ecology management Effort of desert area, that is possible by recognizing Flor and knowing characteristic of ecologic growth areas . there are growth lands with herbal couer of sandy plants in sandy lands and hills of dry lands Df Sabzevar plain and the most important species according dominance is stipagrostis pennata. In this research ,restricted areas of this growth land by using of current sources is determined and major characteristic of growth land in the field of hight, rate of rains , soil cover and chemical elements of soil and kind of Distribution of plant communities in desert studies by Using of systematic sampling – randomly in 4 research sites is considerated and condition of stability species and ecologic factors and soil is studied and spss software is used for analyzing of data. In the sandy region of studied casses herbal cover were consisted of 3 tips of salsola – Astragalus – stipagrostis and speice had the most cotraction between other speices, which has ecologic stability in desert environ ments against of less uariety of this plant, species of this habitate in the least rate of yearly rain and desert area with a soil pH 9/8 to – 9/7 and EC 34- 44 ds/m has a suitable growth – in Varience analisiz between growth factors and soil habitates founded that there is direct and real relation between vate of calcium of soil and type of species covers and A less allcoli soil has better effect on the type of cover of this specie in the region of has researched studied.