ارزيابي مقدماتي چند گونه گون علفي چندساله به منظور انتخاب ژنوتيپ برتر ايستگاه تحقيقات مراتع همند آبسرد

Preliminary evaluation of some perennial herbaceous Astragalus in order to select superior genotypes Homand-Abesard Rangeland Research Station

ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ 7 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻔﯽ Astragalus subsecondus, Astragalus lilacinus, Astragalus vegetus, Astragalus brachyodontus, Astragalus effusus, Astragalus cyclophyllon, Astragalus ,brevidens ﺑﺎ اﮐﺴﺸﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد، ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﮐﺴﺸﻦ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻫﻤﻨﺪ آﺑﺴﺮد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ، اﮐﺴﺸﻨﻬﺎ روي دو ﺧﻂ 2 ﻣﺘﺮي ﻃﻮري ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ اﮐﺴﺸﻦ 0/5 ﻣﺘﺮ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﮐﺴﺸﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ 0/75 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﯿﺎه ﻋﺒﺎرت از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺎﺟﯽ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﮔﯿﺎه، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺬر، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺪار و ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻤﻊ آوري در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. از آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﺎت ﮐﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ آزﻣﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ داﻣﻨﻪ اي داﻧﮑﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه و اﮐﺴﺸﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ، درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺎﺟﯽ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن A.vegetus (ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن)، اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي A.brevidens (ﺳﺪ ﻃﺮق و ﺗﻨﺪوره)، A.brachyodontus (زرﺷﮏ) و A.effusus (دره ﺷﻬﺪا) از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ و دﯾﻤﺰارﻫﺎي رﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و اداﻓﯿﮑﯽ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﻤﻨﺪ آﺑﺴﺮد ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺎﻻي 300 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ، دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ 11 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد، ﺧﺎﮐﯽ ﻓﻘﯿﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

This research was aimed to evaluate seven perennial Astragalus species including Astragalus subsecondus, Astragalus lilacinus, Astragalus vegetus, Astragalus brachyodontus, Astragalus effusus, Astragalus cyclophyllon, Astragalus brevidens, with multiple accessions to select the best accession in Homand Absard Rangeland Research Station. After seedbed preparation, the accessions were cultivated with three replications on two rows (lines) of two-meter length with row spacing of 0.5 m for each accession and 0.75 m for different accessions. Forage production, canopy cover percentage, canopy cover diameter, height, seed yield, and the number of flowering stems were evaluated. Collected data were analyzed statistically in a completely randomized design. Analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test were performed for mean comparisons. Results showed there was significant differences in terms of the measured traits and accessions. According to the results of forage production, canopy cover percentage and etc. species and accessions such as A. vegetus (Kordestan), A. brevidens (torogh and tandure) A. brachyodontus (zereshk) and A. effusus (dare shohada) are recommended for the improvement and development of rangelands and abandoned dry land farming with the same weather conditions of high rainfall of 300 mm, the average temperature of 11°C , poor in organic matter and medium to semi- heavy texture in Homand Absard station.