الگوي پراكنش بلوط (Quercus brantii) و ارتباط آن با برخي عوامل خاكي (مطالعه موردي: منطقه خانميرزا استان چهارمحال و بختياري)

Distribution pattern of oak species (Quercus brantii) and its relationship with some soil factors (case study: in Khanmirza region, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari)

اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﯾﮑﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ آن در ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻒ و ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و روش ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Quercus brantii و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻤﯿﺮزاي ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري در ﺳﺎل 1392 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري در ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻌﺮف 10 ﭘﻼت 20*20 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ در ﻃﻮل دو ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﮑﺖ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك از ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از ﭼﻬﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Quercus brantii از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اي (ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن-زﯾﻤﺮ، اﺑﺮﻫﺎرت، ﻫـﺎﭘﮑﯿﻨﺰ، ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ T، ﻫﯿﻨﺰ و ﻫﻮﻟﮕﯿﺖ) و ﮐﻮادراﺗﯽ (ﻧﺴﺒﺖ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، ﮔﺮﯾﻦ، ﮐﭙﻪ اي ﻟﯿﻮد، ﻣﻮرﯾﺴﯿﺘﺎ و ﻣﻮرﯾﺴﯿﺘﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻠﻮط از رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻄـﯽ و ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻠﻮط از رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﮔﺎم ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Quercus brantii در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﭙﻪ اي اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻠﻮط ﺑﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﻠـﻮط ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫـﺎي از ﻗﺒﯿـﻞ درﺻـﺪ رس، اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ، ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ، ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﮐﻞ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ﺳﻨﮓ و ﺳﻨﮕﺮﯾﺰه ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻨﻔﯽ وﺟـﻮد دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻮط و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﮐﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ (44 = R2) ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ (ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺧﺎك) ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﻠﻮط دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ و اﺻﻮﻟﯽ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ.

Plants distribution patterns is one of the important characteristics of plant community, and it is so important for ecological explain and description of plant species as well as sampling methods. On the other hands, environmental variables are among of the main factors that effects on plant distribution and occurrence. Therefore, this study was done for determine distribution patterns of Quercus brantii and its relationship with environmental factors in Khanmirza region of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari in 2012. Plants sampling carried out in four key-area and in each key-area ten 20*20 m2 plots across two transects. In addition, in each plots, one soil sample was taken. Distribution patterns was determined by distance (Zimer-Johnson index, Eberhart index, Hopkines index, T Square index, Hines and Holgate index) and quadratic (variance /mean index, Green index, Lioyd index, Morisita index, and Standard Morisita index) indices. Linear regression and stepwise regression was used for determine of oak cover and environmental factors. The results showed that distribution patterns of Quercus brantii was followed as Aggregated. The results of relationship between oak cover and soil factors showed that oak cover had a positive relation with clay percent, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen and potassium as well as negative relation with stone percent. In addition, the most relation between oak cover and environmental factors was for organic matter (R2=44). It can be concluded that environmental factors (i.e. soil factors) had a critical role in oak forest and for suitable management attention to those relation is so important.