اثر خاك هاي سه منطقه شور بر برخي پارامترهاي رشدي و بيوشيميايي گياه Halocnemum strobilaceum (مطالعه موردي: حاشيه جنوب شرقي درياچه اروميه)

The effects of soil salinity in three regions on growth and biochemical parameters of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Case study: southeastern edge of Urmia Lake)

ﺷﻮري ﺧﺎك در ﺗﻤﺎم دﻧﯿﺎ رو ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺑﻮده و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﭼـﺎﻟﺶ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮاي ﮐﺸـﺎورزي در ﺟﻬـﺎن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺧـﺎك ﻫـﺎي ﺷـﻮر رﺷـﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن را ﻣﺤـﺪود ﻣـﯽ ﺳـﺎزد. ﮔﯿـﺎه Halocnemum strobilaceum از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮐﻨﻮﭘﻮدﯾﺎﺳﻪ و ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪن درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اروﻣﯿـﻪ ﺟـﺰء ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن رﺷﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي ﺷﻮر اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺧـﺎك ﻫـﺎي ﺷـﻮر ﺑـﺮ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي رﺷـﺪ و اﺳـﻤﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﮔﯿـﺎه H.strobilaceum در ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ (ﭼﯿﭙﻘﻠـﻮ، ﺗﭙـﻪ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﭼﻬـﺎرﺑﺮج و ﺻﺤﺮاﺟﻦ) ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﯽ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﮔﯿـﺎﻫﯽ H. strobilaceum از ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. ﺧﺎك ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﭙﻪ ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺑـﺮج ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﯿﻠﺖ- ﻟﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ (3/5 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ) و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺻﺤﺮا ﺟﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﯽ-ﻟﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ (17/43دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ) ﺷﻮري را داﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻮري ﻣﯿﺰان ﻃﻮل، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و رﯾﺸﻪ، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ b و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻮري ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺎﻟﻮنديآﻟﺪﻫﯿﺪ و اﺳﻤﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ و ﮔﻼﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺘﺎﺋﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ

Soil salinity is on the increase around the world and it is considered as one of the most important challenges for the agricultural practices in world. Research has shown that saline soils limit the plant growth. Halocnemum strobilaceum plant belongs to the family of Chenopodiaceae and is a halophyte. The drying of Urmia Lake has led to the growth of this plant in saline soils of the region. This study was to investigate the effect of soil salinity on growth factors and osmolytes of H. strobilaceum plant in three regions (Chipgloo, Tapeh Chahar Borj, and Sahra Jen) southeastern edge of Urmia Lake. Soil and plant samples were analyzed for evaluation of growth parameters and physiological indices. The results indicated that Tapeh Chahar Bborj with silt-loamy texture had the minimum salinity (3.5 dS/m) and Sahra Jen region with sandy-loamy soil had the maximum salinity (17/43 dS/m). Also, results showed that the length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids significantly decreased with increasing salinity while the Malondi aldehyde and proline and glycine betaine increased.