كليدواژه :
اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ , ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ , ﺷﻮري , ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد , ﻓﻨﻞ , ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ
چكيده فارسي :
در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، روش ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ﺟﻮ (ارﻗﺎم ﺻﺤﺮا و ﺧﺮم) در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﯾـﮏ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺷﻮر واﻗﻊ در ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻤﯿﺸﺎن ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر اﺟـﺮاي ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨـﮓ، ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺟﻮ در آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ (ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ)، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﻮادﻫﯽ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴـﯿﻠﯿﮏ (50 ﻣﯿﻠـﯽ ﮔـﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘـﺮ؛ ﺳﺎﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ)، ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ (50ppm؛ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨـﮓ)، ﮐﻠﺮﯾـﺪ ﮐﻠﺴـﯿﻢ (50 ﻣﯿﻠـﯽﮔـﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘـﺮ؛ ﻫـﺎﻟﻮ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ) و ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﯿﮑﻮل (PEG-6000،13/5 درﺻﺪ، اﺳﻤﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ) ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 12 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺧـﯿﺲ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻌﻼوه، ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻧﺸﺪه ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫـﺎي ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨـﮓ ﺑـﺬر ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري، ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎ را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ، از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﻤﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪار را دارا ﺑﻮد. ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرور، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ در ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي اﺳﻤﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ و ﭘﺲ از آن ﻫﺎﻟﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ رﺷﺪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﺮگ را ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد داد و اﺳﻤﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻤﻨﯿﮓ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﻨﻞ، ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻟﻔﺎ آﻣﯿﻼز و ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﺎز در ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي اﺳﻤﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻢ ﺷﺪه ﭘـﺲ از ﻫـﺎﻟﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨـﮓ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺟﻮ، ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ، ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد، اﺳﻤﻮﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ (ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﯿﮑﻮل) اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑـﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎﻻي داﻧﻪ در ﻫﺮ دو رﻗﻢ ﺟﻮ ﺑﻮد در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ را داﺷﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
In this study, potential of seed priming techniques were investigated in improving the yield of barley cultivars (Sahra and Khoram) in a saline field in Simin Shahr, Gomishan. For the purpose of priming, barley seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydropriming), aerated solution of salicylic acid (50 mg l-1; salicylic priming), gibberellic acid (50 ppm; gibberellic priming), CaCl2 (50 mg l-1; halopriming), and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000, 13.5%, osmopriming) for 12 h. In addition, untreated seeds were also taken as control. The results showed that seed priming treatments substantially improved the stand establishment with osmopriming being the most effective compared to the other treatments. Likewise, maximum fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index were observed in plants raised from osmoprimed seeds followed by halopriming in both cultivars tested. Seed priming treatments also improved the leaf K+ contents with simultaneous decrease in Na+ concentration, osmopriming being the best treatment. Similarly, maximum total phenolic contents, total soluble proteins (TSP), α-amylase and protease activity were observed in osmoprimed seeds followed by halopriming. In conclusion, different seed priming treatments in barley seeds improved the salinity tolerance. Nonetheless, osmopriming was the most effective treatments to get higher grain yield in both barley cultivars whereas gibberellic treatment was the least effective.
