اثر محلول پاشي متانول بر برخي خصوصيات بيوشيميايي و فيزيولوژيكي سويا (Glycine max L.) تحت تنش خشكي

Effects of methanol spraying on some biochemical and physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻰ اﺛﺮﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل وﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ (Glaycine max .L) آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﻰ ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل (آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺲ از 40 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﺧﺎك)، ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ (آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺲ از 60 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﺧﺎك) و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ (آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺲ از 70 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﺧﺎك) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ (ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ آب ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل) و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي 7، 14 و 21 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻰ دارى در ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪي، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﯽ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ، ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﺪروژن ﺑﺮگ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺧﻄﺎي ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮوع ﺗﻨﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ از ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻼﯾﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل 14درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻞ، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ b، داﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻼﯾﻢ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﺪروژن ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان رﺳﯿﺪ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل از 7 ﺑﻪ 14درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 14 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل از 7 ﺑﻪ 14 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﮔﯿﺎه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل 14درﺻﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل 21 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random design with 3 repetitions. Treatments included three irrigation levels of normal (irrigation after 40% depletion of available soil moisture), average stress (irrigation after 60% depletion of available soil moisture), and severe stress (irrigation after 70% depletion of available soil moisture) as the main factor and levels of methanol in the form of foliar application including control solutions (foliar application without use of methanol) and solutions of 14.7% and 21% of methanol as secondary factor. Results obtained from the study showed that there were significant differences between various levels of methanol in content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds, relative water content, phenolic compounds, total protein content, proline, and leaf peroxide hydrogen in (P≤0.01). With the application of stress from mild to severe, application of 14% methanol showed more pronounced effects on total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Moreover, under mild and severe stress conditions, with application of the highest value of methanol, production of peroxide hydrogen reached lowest level and the content of phenolic compounds increased with the increased application of methanol from 7% to 14%. According to the obtained results, with application of 14% methanol, more increase was observed in the efficiency of proline under severe stress conditions. Increasing the volume of methanol from 7 to 14%, the relative water content was preserved under stress conditions. For protein, with increased drought stress, the effect of application of 14% methanol was the same in comparison with 21% methanol. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is concluded that methanol could improve plant resistance against drought stress.