چكيده فارسي :
هدف: تولد و حضور كودكي با ناتواني هوشي در هر خانواده‌اي مشكلات روان‌شناختي بسياري را براي اعضاي خانواده، به‌ويژه براي مادران فراهم مي‌كند؛ بنابراين ضرورت دارد كه با استفاده از درمان‌هاي جديد، با اين مشكلات مقابله كرد. بر اين اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي اثربخشي درمان مبتني‌بر ديدگاه زمان بر اجتناب تجربهاي مادران با دختر مبتلا به ناتواني هوشي در مقطع ابتدايي شهر اصفهان صورت گرفت.
روش‌بررسي: روش بررسي نيمه‌آزمايشي از نوع پيش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه كنترل بود. بدين‌منظور 40 نفر از مادران با دختر مبتلا به ناتواني هوشي مشغول به تحصيل در يكي از آموزشگاه‌هاي استثنايي شهر اصفهان در بهار 1395 بر اساس ملاك‌هاي ورود به مطالعه به‌شيوهٔ نمونه‌گيري در دسترس انتخاب و به‌طور تصادفي در دو گروه آزمايش (20 نفر) و كنترل (20 نفر) جايگزين شدند. ابزارهاي اندازه‌گيري در اين پژوهش شامل پرسشنامهٔ پذيرش و عمل- نسخهٔ دوم (بوند و همكاران، 2011) بود. به‌منظور تحليل داده‌ها از آزمون تحليل كواريانس (ANCOVA) استفاده شد.
يافته‌ها: نتايج تحليل كواريانس نشان داد كه درمان مبتني‌بر ديدگاه زمان بر كاهش نمرهٔ اجتناب تجربهاي مادران با دختر مبتلا به ناتواني هوشي از 35٫40 به 32٫70 مؤثر بوده است (0٫032=p).
نتيجه‌گيري: احتمالاً ايجاد تعادل بين زمان‌هاي مختلف و حذف تمركز مراجعين روي زمان‌هاي خاص و ايجاد نگرش مثبت به سه بُعد زماني (گذشته و حال و آينده)، باعث كاهش نمرات اجتناب تجربهاي مراجعين گروه ديدگاه زمان شده است. بر‌اساس نتايج اين پژوهش مي‌توان از درمان مبتني‌بر ديدگاه زمان، جهت كاهش اجتناب تجربهاي مادران با دختر مبتلا به ناتواني هوشي استفاده نمود.
چكيده لاتين :
Objective: Intellectual disability is a disorder identified with obvious limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. Families of
such children, especially mothers, often experience tremendous psychological strain. Therefore, it is necessary that this disorder be coped with
using new treatment methods. In recent years, Time perspective therapy (TPT) has been presented as a new approach in the field of pathology.
Time perspective therapy helps individuals relate their behaviors with past, present, and future, and reflect upon their attitudes, beliefs, and
values thereof. Researchers in various domains of psychopathology have been developing TPT techniques as well as investigating its
effectiveness. Accordingly, the present study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of TPT on experiential avoidance of mothers of girls
with intellectual disability.
Method: This is a two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research. The population included all mothers of children with educable
intellectual disability in the City of Isfahan in 2016 (N= 2700) according to the report of the Exceptional Children Office. The participants were
selected through convenience sampling technique. Accordingly, a total of 40 participants were randomly selected from among mothers of girls
with intellectual disability in one of the intellectual disability schools for girls in education district two in Isfahan-Iran. The participants were
then randomly assigned to control and experimental groups in equal numbers. In the next step, the experimental group participated in six onehour
training sessions, twice a week, while the control group received no training. The research instrument was the Acceptance and Action
Questionnaire - II (AAQ-II) (Bond et al. 2011). ANCOVA procedures were used for analyzing the data.
Results: Descriptive statistics showed a drop in post- test avoidance mean scores. Inferential statistics showed the decrease to be statistically
significant at p<0. 05, leading to 11% decrease experiential avoidance.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the establishment of balance between various points of time and helping clients change their focus on
specific points of time as well as the creation of positive attitudes towards three time dimensions (past, present, and future) leads to a decrease
in the mean scores of clients’ experiential avoidance in the TPT group. The results also indicated that TPT is capable of reducing experiential
avoidance in mothers of girls with intellectual disability. As a result, it can be concluded that the TPT is an appropriate approach for decreasing
experiential avoidance in this group of individuals. As such, the method is highly recommended.
