چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: لكنت اختلالي گفتاري است كه در ابتداي زندگي، كمي پس از تكامل زبان روي مي‌دهد. لكنت از اختلالات تكاملي بسيار گسترده بوده و كودكان مبتلا به آن، در فرايند عصبي دچار مشكل هستند. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسي اثربخشي تمرينات هيپنوتيزم بر اضطراب و عزت‌نفس كودكان داراي لكنت زبان 8تا12سالهٔ شهر شيراز بود.
روش‌بررسي: طرح پژوهش حاضر، نيمه آزمايشي همراه با پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه كنترل بود. جامعهٔ آماري پژوهش شامل تمامي كودكان محدودهٔ سني 8تا12ساله داراي لكنت زبان بود كه در سال 96-1395به مركز توان‌بخشي بهزيستي شيراز مراجعه كردند. از بين اين افراد 32 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه به‌صورت تصادفي انتخاب شده و به‌شكل تصادفي 16 نفر در گروه آزمايش و 16 نفر در گروه كنترل قرار گرفتند. سپس براي گروه آزمايش، آموزش تمرينات هيپنوتيزم در پنج جلسه اجرا و در انتهاي جلسات درماني، از آزمودني‌هاي هر گروه پس‌آزمون گرفته شد. ابزار استفاده‌شده در اين پژوهش آزمون اضطراب اسپنس و عزت‌نفس پوپ بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصيفي (ميانگين و انحراف معيار) و آمار استنباطي (آزمون t) و نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 23 تجزيه‌و‌تحليل شدند.
يافته‌ها: نتايج تحليل داده‌ها نشان داد كه تمرينات هيپنوتيزم بر نمرات اضطراب (0٫010=p) و عزت‌نفس (0٫002=p) تأثير معنا‌داري دارد.
نتيجه‌گيري: پژوهش حاضر بيان مي‌كند كه تمرينات هيپنوتيزم مي‌تواند به كاهش اضطراب و افزايش عزت‌نفس در كودكان داراي لكنت بينجامد؛ بنابراين، مي‌توان از اين درمان براي بهبود لكنت در افراد و درمان سريع‌تر آنان استفاده كرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and purpose: For children and teens, the acquisition of language has a profound effect on their growth. Effective verbal ability
is needed for playing, communication with peers, academic achievement, general knowledge and behavioral and emotional development.
Conversely, if the child's communicative function is even mild, there is a harmful social impact and an increased risk of psychiatric disorders
such as anxiety, stress, depression, low self-esteem, and etc. Stuttering is a motor disorder that disrupts the fluent and connected speech flow
and appears with different severities. Though in exceptional cases it starts in early childhood at the age range of 2-4, the onset of stuttering is
in the age range of 6 to 7, simultaneously with the development of emotional and social adaptability. This is a time when children are most
susceptible to this disorder. This disorder is more common among boys than girls. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of
hypnosis therapy on anxiety and self-esteem among stuttering children.
Method: This is a two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. The population consisted of all people at the age range of 8 to 12
years’ old who were referred to Shiraz city Welfare Center during 2016-2017. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 34 participants. The
participants were assigned to the experimental and control groups in equal numbers. The experimental group received 5 sessions of hypnosis
therapy. To measure the variables, the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), the Pope Self-Esteem Questionnaire (AP-SEI) were used.
Pope scale consists of 60 questions and evaluates self-esteem on 5 scales: Global Scale, Academic Scale, Body Scale, Family Scale, and Social
Scale. The maximum score for each scale is 20 points, and the total score for each scale was used for the evaluation. The Spence Children's
Anxiety Scale (SCAS) is a psychological questionnaire designed to identify symptoms of various anxiety disorders, specifically social phobia,
obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder/agoraphobia, and other forms of anxiety, in children and adolescents between ages 8 and 15.
Developed by Susan H. Spence and available in various languages, the 45 question test can be filled out by the child or by the parent. There is
also another version of the test with 34 statements designed for children in preschool between ages 2.5 and 6.5. A form of the test takes
approximately 5 to 10 minutes to complete. The questionnaire has shown good reliability and validity in recent studies. At the end of the
treatment sessions, subjects of each group were tested. In the data analysis, independent t-test and dependent t-test were used to examine the
hypotheses. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version was used to analyze the data.
Result: The results of this study showed that Hypnotherapy has been effective in improving, dimensions and components of anxiety and selfesteem
(p<0.05).
Conclusion: Hypnotherapy can be used as an effective treatment for stuttering children to reduce anxiety symptom and increase self-esteem of
stuttering children.
