بررسي نظريهٔ ذهن و تصوير بدني افراد معلول جسمي‌ حركتي و عادي

A Comparative Study of Theory of Mind and Body Image between People with Motor Disabilities and Normal people

زمينه و هدف: نظريهٔ ذهن يعني توانايي درك نيّات، احساسات، خواسته‌ها و باورهاي خود و ديگران و درك اينكه حالات ذهني ديگران متفاوت از حالات ذهني خود فرد است. تصويربدني نيز به‌صورت برداشت ذهني فرد از بدن خويش تعريف مي‌شود. پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسي و مقايسهٔ نظريهٔ ذهن و تصويربدني افراد معلول جسمي و حركتي و افراد عادي انجام گرفته است. روش‌بررسي: اين پژوهش از نوع علي‌مقايسه‌اي بود. جامعهٔ آماري را تمامي معلولان جسمي‌حركتي شهرستان سلماس تشكيل دادند. باكمك جدول مورگان 44 نفر معلول باشدت معلوليت شديد و خيلي‌شديد، به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. نمونهٔ 44 نفري از افراد عادي نيز به‌تفكيك جنسيت با آنان همتا شدند. ابزار شامل: آزمون ذهن‌خواني ازطريق چشم‌ها (بارون‌كوهن) و پرسشنامهٔ تصوير بدن ليتلتون بود. تحليل داده‌ها، بااستفاده از روش‌هاي آماري تي‌تست دو گروه مستقل و تحليل واريانس چندمتغيره انجام گرفت. نتيجه‌گيري: نقص جسماني مي‌تواند نشان‌دهندهٔ كاهش توانايي نظريهٔ ذهن باشد و بر تصويرذهني از بدن نگرش منفي ايجاد كند و بر باورها، افكار و برداشت‌هاي فرد تأثير گذارد.

Objective: Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc. to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own. This study aimed to compare theory of mind and body image between normal individuals and people with physical disabilities. Methods: This study was a causal-comparative one. The population of the study consisted of all people with physical disabilities in Salmas-Iran. The size of the sample was calculated to be 44 in accordance with Morgan table. A total of 44 participants with physical disabilities as well as 44 normal individuals were recruited. Each of Participants completed Baron-Cohen neuropsychological test of mind reading from the eye as well as Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) developed by Littleton. The participants in both groups were matched in terms of gender. T-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed a significant difference between theory of mind in motor disabled and normal people (P<0.05). In other words, people with motor disabilities have less healthy theory of mind than normal individuals. The results also showed that people with motor disabilities had negative body image about their bodies. Conclusion: It can be concluded that people with physical disabilities often have lower body than normal people. In other words, physical disability has a negative impact on body image