مقايسهٔ اثربخشي دل‌ بستگي‌ درماني و آموزش مهارت‌هاي فرزند پروري با رويكرد آدلر، بر مادران داراي كودك مبتلا به اختلال دل‌ بستگي

A Comparative Study of the Effect of Attachment-based Therapy and Parenting Skills Training on their Children’s Attachment Disorder

زمينه و هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقايسهٔ اثربخشي دل‌بستگي‌ درماني و آموزش مهارت‌هاي فرزندپروري با رويكرد آدلر بر مادران داراي كودك مبتلا به اختلال دل‌بستگي است. روش‌بررسي: پژوهش حاضر، مبتني‌بر مطالعهٔ نيمه‌تجربي باطرح پيش‌آزمون‌پس‌آزمون با گروه كنترل بود. ازاين‌رو، تعداد 150 نفر مادر داراي كودك پيش‌دبستاني در شهرستان آران‌و‌بيدگل به‌روش خوشه‌اي انتخاب و پرسشنامهٔ اختلال دل‌بستگي راندولف 2000 را تكميل كردند. افراد در دو گروه آزمايش ويك گروه كنترل (هر گروه 15 نفر) قرارگرفتند. روي افراد نمونه پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون اجرا و نتايج به‌دست‌آمده با روش تحليل كوواريانس تحليل شد. يافته‌ها: باتوجه به يافته‌ها، ميانگين و انحراف معيار نمرات اختلال دل‌بستگي مرحلهٔ پس‌آزمون براي گروه دل‌بستگي‌درماني 3٫21±41٫00 و در گروه آموزش مهارت‌هاي فرزندپروري 8٫10±45٫80 و در گروه كنترل 17٫19±59٫73 بود. نتايج حاصل نشان داد تفاوتي در تأثير دو گروه درماني و آموزشي وجود نداشت؛ اما، ميانگين‌هاي هر دو گروه آزمايش درمقايسه با گروه كنترل به‌طور معناداري كمتر بود (0٫001>p)؛ بنابراين، هر دو مداخلهٔ درماني و آموزشي تأثير معناداري بر كاهش اختلال دل‌بستگي داشتند. نتيجه‌گيري: در مطالعهٔ حاضر نتايج نشان‌دهندهٔ تأثير دو مداخله بر كاهش علائم اختلال دل‌بستگي كودكان است. درواقع دل‌بستگي‌درماني و آموزش مهارت‌هاي فرزندپروري باعث افزايش مهارت‌هاي ارتباطي و خودآگاهي مادر شده و تقويت احساس ارزش‌مندي و اعتمادبه‌نفس را در پي دارد. اين امر سبب بهبود عملكرد مادران و درنتيجه كاهش علائم اختلال دل‌بستگي در كودكان مي‌شود.

Background and objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of Attachment-based Therapy and Parenting Skills Training on their children’s attachment disorder. Methods: This is a pretest-posttest control group quasi - experimental study. The population included all mothers of preschool children with attachment disorder in Aran and Bidgol-Iran. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 150 participants. The research instrument was Attachment Disorder Assessment Sclae (ADAS) developed by Randolph (2000). This is a 30-statement checklist to be filled out by parents or caregivers of children with attachment disorder and includes various problems that the child caregiver has observed in the child during the past 2 years. Randolph believes that this questionnaire can distinguish between children with attachment disorder and those with disruptive behavior disorders. 45 mothers who gained the highest scores on the questionnaire were placed in two experimental groups and one control group. The parents in experimental group one received eight sessions of attachment-based therapy. The parents in experimental group two received eight sessions of parenting skills therapy. The parents in the control group received no intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The means and standard deviations of the three groups were as follows: attachment-based therapy 41.0±3.21; parenting skills training 45.80±8.10 and the control group 59.73±17.19. The differences between these averages were calculated by F test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in three group’s pre-test scores (P=0.001, F=11.48, Effect size=0.35). While there was no difference between the two experimental groups (p=0.241), they obtained a significantly lower mean score than that in the control group (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that the training and treatment interventions had both a significant effect on the reduction of attachment disorder among children. Conclusion: The results confirm the effect of Attachment-based Therapy and Parenting Skills Training on reduction of the symptoms of children's attachment disorder. It can be asserted that Attachment-based Therapy and Parenting Skills Training improve the communication skills and the self-awareness skills, self-worth and self-confidence of mothers of children with attachment disorder, giving them the roadmap and showing them the right way to deal with their children.