تحليل خطرات شغلي و علل بروز آن بين كاركنان بيمارستان هاي آموزشي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي قزوين

The analysis of occupational hazards and their etiology among the employees of Teaching Hospital of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

آگاهي از ميزان و علل بروز خطرات شغلي مي تواند در برنامه ريزي براي يافتن روش هاي پيشگيرانه و كاهش بروز خطرات شغلي و هزينه ها موثر باشد. هدف از اين مطالعه تحليل خطرات شغلي و علل بروز آن بين پرسنل بيمارستانهاي آموزشي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي قزوين بود. روش بررسي: اين مطالعه توصيفي – تحليلي روي 258 نفر از كاركنان بيمارستان هاي آموزشي شهر قزوين در سال 1391 انجام شد. روش نمونه گيري طبقه اي چند مرحله اي بود. اطلاعات به كمك پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جمع آوري شد. داده ها با نرم افزار Spss با استفاده از آزمون تي تست و تحليل واريانس يك طرفه تحليل شد. يافته ها: بيشترين خطرات شغلي مربوط به تماس پوستي با خون يا ساير مايعات بدن و كمترين آن مربوط به مجروح شدن توسط بيمار با ساير مراجعه كنندگان بود. رابطه بين متغير هاي سن، جنسيت، سابقه كار، نوع استخدام، عنوان پست ، وضعيت تاهل و بيمارستان محل خدمت با وقوع خطرات شغلي معني دار بود ( P>0/05) بين ميانگين روزهاي غيبت از كار و ميانگين وقوع هريك از خطرات شغلي رابطه معني داري وجود نداشت (P>0/05) نتيجه گيري: يافته ها نشان داد كه از دلايل اصلي بروز خطرات شغلي حجم زياد كار، بي احتياطي پرسنل، نوع شغل و ماهيت كاري كاركنان مي باشد. در نتيجه بكارگيري نيرو متناسب با حجم فعاليت كاركنان، آموزش كاركنان نسبت به ويژگي هاي شغلي و نظارت بر رعايت احتياط هاي استاندارد از سوي مسئولين مي تواند باعث پيشگيري از خطرات شغلي شود.

Background and aims: The knowledge of the rate and causes of occupational hazards occurring in hospitals may be effective in formulating policy aimed at prevention as well as reducing related accidents and cost. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic factors responsible for the occupational hazards occurrences among the employees of teaching hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study was a descriptive analysis of 258 employees of Qazvin teaching hospitals in 2012. In this study, samples were chosen using a stratified multi- stages method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for collection of data. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software and presented as count, frequency and percentages. Categorical data were analyzed using t- test as well as Anova. Results: The highest level of occupational hazards’ occurrences was due to skin contact with blood or other body fluids while the lowest level was because of assaulting by patients or their families. There was a significant relation between the variables of age, gender, work experience, job title, and marital status as well as the hospital itself and the rate of occupational hazards.P<0/05). There was no significant relation between the mean duration of absence from work and the rate of occupational hazards (P>0/05). The most important cause of occupational hazards from the employees’ point of view was the overload working. Conclusion: Based on our results, it was found that the major factors influencing occupational Hazards’ development were included: overload working, personnel indiscretions as well as working condition. Therefore, increasing the number of employees proportional to the required job activities, training the employees regarding their occupational characteristics and monitoring of standard precautions are crucial factors for the prevention of occupational hazards.