رويكرد جبر و اختيار در انديشه‌ عين‌القضات همداني با تأكيد بر «تمهيدات، نامه‌ها، يزدان‌شناخت و لوايح»

The Approach of Force and Will in Einolghozat's Thoughts, Based on Tamhidat, Nameha. Yazdanshenakht and Lavayeh with a focus on Rhetoric's and Sufism

مسأله­ «جبر و اختيار» يا «حريّت اراده» در عرض موضوعاتي ديگر چون امامت، خير و شر، تشبيه و تنزيه و علم خداوند، يكي از مضامين پر بسامدي است كه در حوزه­ كلام، فلسفه و عرفان اسلامي پيوسته مورد توجه متكلمان، فيلسوفان و عارفان بزرگ اسلامي بوده است؛ چنانكه عين­القضات همداني، از عارفان بزرگ مكتب خسرواني، اين مفهوم را در متون منثور عرفاني فارسي، در دو حوزه­ عاشقانه و كلامي- فلسفي مورد بررسي قرار داده و در حوزه­ عشق، به جبر مطلق عاشقانه - عارفانه و در حوزه­ كلامي- فلسفي، به هر سه مسأله­ جبر، اختيار و «امرٌ َبينَ الاَمرَين» ملتزم شده و از اين رو، ديدگاه او در اين خصوص، به نظريه­ شيعه و معتزله نزديك‌تر از نظريه­ اشاعره شده است.

Determinism and Freewill” along with such subjects like: Imamate, wellness and badness, good and evil, simile and transcendent and knowledge of God, is one of the high frequency concepts in theology, philosophy and Islamic mysticism that were assigned comprehensive research. So, this problematic subject is one of the oldest and the most disputable topics that direct theologians, philosophers and great Islamic mystics‟ attention to it over the ages.So, for significance and the extent of “determinism and freewill” and also unknown dimensions of it, the authors try to study „Eyn al-Ghozzat‟s viewpoint - one of the great Islamic mystics of Khosravani‟s school- about “determinism and freewill” from two dimensions: love and theological-philosophical, in mystical Farsi prose texts. Also figures on to answer this question that in his viewpoint, if the man is in the core of determinism or in the domain of freewill? Outcome of this research shows that „Eyn al-Ghozzat in love believes to absolute amorous- mystical determinism, and in mystical-philosophical viewpoint believes to all three subjects: determinism, freewill and “Amron Bein al-Amrain” (mediocrity, so- so). Hence, his viewpoint is closer to the theory of Mu'tazeleh than Asha'areh.