ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺴﻠﯽ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ادﺑﯿﺎت داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ و ﭘﺲ از اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﯽ

Representation of generational relations from the perspective of fictional literature before and after the Islamic revolution

ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺶ رﻣﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ در ﺑﺎزۀ زﻣـﺎﻧﯽ ﭘـﯿﺶ و ﭘـﺲ از اﻧﻘـﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي از اﻟﮕﻮي رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﻠﯽ را در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاۀ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ و در اﯾـﻦ زﻣـﺎن ﭼـﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮي در رواﯾﺖ رﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ از ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺴﻠﯽ درون ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ادﺑﯿـﺎت داﺳـﺘﺎﻧﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯽ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺎن از ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﯾﻢ و از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ژرف و ﻋﻤﯿﻖ رواﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﮐﺸﻒ و ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﻮده اﯾـﻢ، از ﺗﮑﻨﯿـﮏ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﻣﻀـﻤﻮﻧﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮده اﯾﻢ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ، اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺴﻠﯽ را ذﯾـﻞ ﺳـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﮐـﺮده اﯾﻢ: ﺗﻮاﻓـﻖ ﻧﺴﻠﯽ، ﺗﻔﺎوت و ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن ﻧﺴﻠﯽ، و ﺷﮑﺎف ﻧﺴﻠﯽ. ﺑﻪ رﻏﻢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺎت ﻧﺴـﻠﯽ در دو ﺑﺎزۀ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮥ ﻧﺴﻠﯽ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ رواﯾﯽ رﻣﺎنﻫﺎ، در ﻫﻤﮥ ﻣﻮارد، ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ. از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺴﻠﯽ در رواﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ از اﻧﻘﻼب اﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ آن ﺷـﮑﺎف ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و اﯾﺪه آل ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻨﺖ و ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺘﻪ و ﻣﺎﻫﯿـﺖ ﻃﺮدي و ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﯽ آن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﮑﺎف و ﺗﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﻫـﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ـ ﻣﺪرن در رواﯾـﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﭘـﺲ از اﻧﻘﻼب ﮐﻤﺘﺮ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ رﻏـﻢ ﭘﯿـﺪاﯾﺶ ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ ﻫـﺎﯾﯽ ﭼـﻮن رﺳـﺎﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺟﻤﻌـﯽ و ﻓﻨّـﺎوري ﻫـﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ، ﮐﻪ ﮔﺬار ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺴﺎﻟﯽ را ﻏﯿﺮﺧﻄﯽ و دﮔﺮﮔﻮن ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ، رواﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘـﺲ از اﻧﻘـﻼب ﻧﯿـﺰ ﮐﻤﺎﮐـﺎن ﺷﮑﺎف ﻧﺴﻠﯽ را ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

The main question of this research is that how generational relations patterns in Iranian family are represented in six novels chosen from two periods: before and after the Islamic revolution of Iran. This research also tracks the changes that have been occurred in novels in regard with narrating generational relations during this period. Therefore novels have been considered as interpreting elements that clarifies major social changes including generation relations within the family. So Qualitative content analysis technique is utilized for analyzing texts According to the theoretical framework in this research, three general concepts in regard with generational relations is afforded: generation agreement, generation difference and interaction simultaneously, and generation gap. In spite of diversity of views about generational relations, generation gap was the dominant represented pattern in both pre and post revolution novels. Religious gap and idealistic views of characters are the main reasons of the generation gap in pre revolution novels. Generation gap in this period is of an ideologist character and shows a departure from tradition that should be interpreted in terms of tradition-modernity confrontation. Nowadays mass media and information technologies have transformed generational relations. These elements are expected to decrease generation gap or at least diminish the intensity of challenge between successive generations; especially due to the fact that they provide a nonlinear interpretation of these relations. But generation gap is still the main pattern represented in post revolution novels.