ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ـ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان؛ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ، ﺷﯿﻮه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ

Social and Cultural Boundaries in Tehran city: the study of conditions, management practices and outcomes

ﻧﻈـﺎم ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﮔـﺬاري و درﺟﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي اﻓـﺮاد در ﻫــﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ اي، ﻓﺮاﮔﯿـﺮ و ﮔﺮﯾﺰﻧﺎﭘـﺬﯾﺮ اﺳـﺖ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫــﺎي آن از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ دﯾﮕﺮ، ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ؛ از اﯾﻦ رو، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﭘﯽ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺸـﺎن دﻫـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺗﻬﺮاﻧﯽ در ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮان ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ و ﭼﺮا دﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮزﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﯽ زﻧﻨﺪ؟ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧـﻪ از اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ؟ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺎﻣـﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﯾﮑـﺪﯾﮕﺮ و ﻋﺒـﻮر از ﻣﺮزﻫـﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ از ﭼـﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـﺎﯾﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ؟ و ﭼﻨﯿﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﭼﻪ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ دارﻧﺪ؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑـﺎ راﻫﺒﺮد ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻈﺮي و ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 45 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳـﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ از اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ، ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ، و ... اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ، وﻟﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣّﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اي، ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ (ﻋﻠﯽ، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اي و ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮔﺮ)، راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ، و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮددﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ در ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان، اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳـﺖ از: «ﻏﻠﺒـﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﻫـﻮﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮدآورﻧـﺪه ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮددﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ». ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﻪ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮐﻨﺸﮕﺮان، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـﺎﯾﯽ را ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان آن ﻫﺎ را «روش دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ درون ﻣﻠﯽ» ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ. ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﻨﺸﮕﺮان در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ، ﺳﻪ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺑـﺮوز ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨـﺪ از: 1. آﻧﻮﻣﯽ، آﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻓﺮدي؛ 2. ﭼﻨﺪﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ؛ و 3. ﺷﮑﺎف ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ.

The system of differentiation and grading of individuals in every society is pervasive and inevitable, and its criteria vary from society to society. Hence, this article seeks to show that when and why do the citizens of Tehran make boundaries in their communications with others? When and how do they cross these borders? What strategies do they use to interact with each other and cross cultural boundaries and what are the consequences of such communication strategies? The findings of this research are based on a qualitative method with Grounded Theory strategy. The sample size included 45 individuals using the theoretical sampling method and in terms of accrediting/validating. Various tools such as interviewing, observing, participating, etc. were used to collect data, but the focus was on the deep interviewing. The findings were coded in a systematic version method (GTM) of the survey theory and the (causative, background, and intervening) conditions, strategies and consequences related to the cultural and mobility boundaries have been extracted and analyzed in the city of Tehran. The obtained nuclear issue includes “Management of cultural boundaries and cultural mobility/traffic in identity-based layers in the form of communication diplomacy”.