تحليل جايگاه مشاور قضايي زنان در ماده 2 قانون حمايت خانواده 1391

Analyzes the status of legal advisers in Article 2 of the 1391 Family Protection Law

طبق نظر مشهور فقها مرد بودن در قضاوت شرط است و قضاوت زن مطلقاً جايز نيست. اين دسته از فقها در تاييد نظرات خود به قرآن كريم، روايات، اصل عدم جواز، اجماع و ادله ي ديگر مراجعه كرده اند. به تدريج، برخي از محققين قول مشهور را نقد كردند تا جايي كه با نگاهي تاريخي دليل اصلي كنار گذاشتن زنان از قضاوت را محروميت ايشان از حضور در اجتماع مي دانند. بدين ترتيب محروميت زنان از قضاوت ربطي به شخصيت ايشان ندارد، بلكه به منشا تاريخي اجتماعي محروميت كلي زنان از حضور در اجتماع مرتبط است. اين پژوهش در پي اثبات اين مطلب است كه حضور زنان به عنوان قاضي كيفري متناسب شان زن نيست، اما حضور زن در دعاوي مدني به خصوص دعاوي خانواده منشا اثرات مثبت است. حضور قاضي مشاور زن در ماده ي 2 قانون حمايت خانواده مصوب 1391 نوعي نوآوري است و جنبه ي حمايتي براي زن دارد. به نظر مي رسد، تعيين قاضي مشاور زن، بلكه استثنايي براي قضاوت زن است.

Based on popular point of views of jurists and judges “being a man is a necessary condition for judging and women judging is absolutely forbidden”. They present many reasons in supporting their views such as referring to Quran، hadith، consensus، the principle of lack of license، jurist’s agreement and so on. Of course gradually this point of view has been the topic of many researches، so researchers and investigators، looking through a historical view، has represented that the main reason of this view )women lack of competences for judging has come from lack of women presence in community. Therefore it is not related to women personality، character or ability. However this study is going to prove it so that women presence as a criminal judge is not appropriate to the dignity of women، but the women presence in civil cases especially family Ones have positive effects. It is an innovations، women as a judge counselors in article 2 of the family support law in 1391 and it has a supporting role for women. History of women presence in such areas or more like: counselor of family court )as the two sides of a discrepancy in family court are wife and husband، so the attendance of a woman counselor is helpful(، counselor of the court، counselor of legal department and other offices including judging occupations. Finally it should be mentioned that appointing a woman as a judge counselor is an exception for women judging.