پديد آورندگان :
ليموچي، كاوه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد تبريز - دانشكده كشاورزي , يارنيا، مهرداد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد تبريز - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , سيادت، عطا اله دانشگاه كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي رامين , رشيدي، ورهرام دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد تبريز - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , گيلاني، عبدالعلي سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي، اهواز - مركز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان خوزستان
كليدواژه :
برنج , دانه , راندمان تبديل , رژيم آبياري , كيفيت
چكيده فارسي :
اين پژوهش با هدف تعيين نقش رژيم هاي مختلف آبياري بر كيفيت تبديل دانه ژنوتيپ هاي برنج در استان خوزستان طراحي و اجرا گرديد. آزمايش با رژيم آبياري و ژنوتيپ به صورت كرت هاي يك بار خرد شده، در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي و سه تكرار به مدت دو سال (1393 و 1394) در مزرعه ايستگاه تحقيقات كشاورزي شاوور وابسته به مركز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خوزستان اجرا شد. چهار رژيم آبياري (1، 3، 5 و 7 روزه) در كرت هاي اصلي و 12 ژنوتيپ برنج در كرت هاي فرعي قرار گرفتند. نتايج تجزيه مركب نشان داد اثر متقابل بين ژنوتيپ و تنش آبي در تمامي صفات به غير از درصد سبوس و عرض دانه كه نشان دهنده جمع پذيري آنها مي باشد معني دار بود. به عبارتي ژنوتيپ ها بسته به شرايط مختلف آبياري واكنش متفاوتي داشتند. به طوري كه گذشته از طول و عرض دانه كه با افزايش تنش كاهش يافتند، در تيمار آبياري دوم به دليل سازگاري ژنوتيپ ها و رطوبت مطلوب تر، عملكرد دانه، راندمان تبديل، درجه تبديل و درصد برنج كامل بيشترين مقدار را داشتند اما از كمترين درصد پوسته و سبوس و برنج خرد برخوردار بودند. به ترتيب صفات مزبور داراي بيشترين همبستگي معني دار مثبت و منفي با عملكرد دانه بودند. كه مي تواند از اهداف مهم در تحقيقات به نژادي و اصلاح ارقام باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and objectives
Rice can be irrigated like wheat and corn as an aerobic plant (1). There is a negative relation between the grain yield and quality, has various indexes in the world like Iran where the rice with long and separate seeds is preferred (2). The important factors of reducing the rice quality are increasing immature seeds, cracks on the surface, narrow and thin seeds (3). With regard to water crisis, it’s essential to increase knowledge level and awareness about water tension loss effects on qualitative and quantitative traits of seeds. This study aims at realization of this purpose and reducing the negative effects of water tension.
Materials and methods
An experiment was carried out to study of irrigation regimes on rice genotypes grain milling quality (Total rice recovery, degree of milling, but hull, brane, head rice, broken rice, grain width, grain length, grain length after cook and grain yield) of Khuzestan province in a split-plot arrangement using randomized complete blokes comlete bloks design with three replications in two cropping seasons (2014 and 2015) at Shavoor Agricultural Research Station, Dependent in Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Khuzestan. For exposing rice genotypes to four different irrigation regimes (1, 3, 5 and 7 days), and 12 genotypes were randomized in sub-plots. The variance and correlation analysis were carried out by using the SAS and SPSS software after ensuring the normality of the data and the mean of the data was compared to a through the Tuke test.
Results and discussion
The results of combined analysis of variances showed that the apart from the percentage bran and grain width that represents of them the sum was a significant different in irrigation regimes by genotypes interaction in all of trades. On the other hand, the related irrigation regimes, genotypes had different reaction. Such that past of the grain width and length decreased with increasing stress, because of adaptability genotypes and more favorable moisture, the highest of grain yield, total milled rice recovery, degree of milling, and head rice were in second irrigation regimes. But hull, bran and broken rice percentage had the lowest amount. Whereas there were a significantly positive and negative correlation between these traits and grain yield.
Conclusion
Totally, the results of present study showed that traits of seed quality and quantity in the second irrigation regime has the most suitable reactions in terms of reducing crust and bran as well as increasing desirable traits like efficiency conversion degree and rice. and also, they showed the role of irrigation management with regard to genotype diversity. These results indicated that the seed yield and desirable trait in the thirds irrigation with five-day irrigation have no significant relation with flooding irrigation. It can be used as a suitable method and approach to increase irrigation efficiency of aerobic rice genotypes.
