مطالعه تنوع ژنتيكي درون و بين تودههاي تيغ گرگي ) Carthamus lanatus ( در مناطق شمال شرق ايران

A Study of Genetic Variation within and between Ecotypes of Distaff Thistle (Carthamus lanatus) from North East Iran

اﻃﻼع از ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ آنﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ زﯾﺎدي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ درون و ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﻎ ﮔﺮﮔﯽ )Carthamus lanatus( ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه از ﻫﺸﺖ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 24 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ISSR اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 9 ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮي ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪود 26/04 درﺻﺪ ﭼﻨﺪﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ﺟﺎﮐﺎرد و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﯽ ﻧﺌﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺷﺎﻧﻮن، درﺻﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﻞ، ﺗﻌﺪاد آﻟﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﺗﻌﺪاد آﻟﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ اﻓﺮاد در ﺗﻮده-ﻫﺎي ﮔﻤﯿﺸﺎن و اﻃﺮاف آن و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن در ﺗﻮده ﺑﻨﺪرﺗﺮﮐﻤﻦ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ درون ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ )63 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻮدهاي )23 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﯽ ﻧﺌﯽ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺷﺎﻧﻮن، درﺻﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﻞ، ﺗﻌﺪاد آﻟﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﺗﻌﺪاد آﻟﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺗﻮده ﺑﻨﺪر ﺗﺮﮐﻤﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﺟﺰﯾﺮه آﺷﻮرآده و اﯾﻨﭽﻪﺑﺮون ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻮده ﺑﻨﺪرﺗﺮﮐﻤﻦ داراي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﺟﺰﯾﺮه آﺷﻮرآده و اﯾﻨﭽﻪﺑﺮون داراي ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ درون ﺗﻮدهاي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ

The information of the genetic diversity of weed community helps researchers to find more effective biological control methods. In the present study the genetic diversity within and between populations of distaff thistle (Carthamus lanatus) was investigated using 24 ISSR markers. The populations were collected from eight different regions of Golestan province. Using 9 polymorphic (26.4 %) ISSR markers, the mean coefficient of similarity between individuals based on Jaccard, and descriptive parameters such as Nei’s gene diversity, Shannon's information index, percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles (na) and effective number of alleles (ne) were calculated for each population. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was observed in the ecotypes collected around Gomishan and the lowest occurred in ecotype Bandartorkman. Analysis of molecular variance showed that the genetic diversity among populations (63 percent) was higher than genetic variation between populations (23 percent). The highest values for Nei’s gene diversity, Shannon's information index, percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles was observed in ecotype Bandartorkman and the lowest values of these parameters occurred for ecotypes Ashuradeh Island and Inchehbroon. Therefore, ecotype Bandartorkman had the highest, and ecotypes of Ashuradeh Island and Inchehbroon the lowest within population genetic diversity