مطﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎكورزي ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺮ روي ذرت

Study on Bioavailability of some Wheat Herbicides in Different Tillage Systems and their Impact on Corn

اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺑﺎﻗﯿﻤﺎﻧﺪه (ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ) ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎي راﯾﺞ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ذرت (.Zea mays L) ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪه ﭘﺲ از ﮔﻨﺪم ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1390 و ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎكورزي در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان واﻗﻊ درﮐﺮج اﺟﺮاء ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎكورزي ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از: ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم، ﮐﻢ ﺧﺎكورزي و ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺸﯽ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از: 1- ﺑﺮوﻣﻮﮐﺴﯿﻨﯿﻞ+ امﺳﯽﭘﯽاي 1/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، 2- ﺗﺮﯾﺎﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون + داي ﮐﺎﻣﺒﺎ 150 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، 3- ﯾﺪوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ+ﻣﺰوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون 400 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، 4- ﻣﺖﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ + ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، 5- ﮐﻠﻮدﯾﻨﺎﻓﻮپ ﭘﺮوﭘﺎرژﯾﻞ + ﺗﺮيﺑﻨﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 20 ﮔﺮم و 0/8 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و 6- ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺮف ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ. ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ از دو ﻋﻤﻖ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ )0-12/5 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ( و ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ )12/5-25 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ( ﺧﺎك ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. زﯾﺴﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﺎﻫﯽ )Lepidium sativum( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﺤﮏ و ذرت )Zea mays( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. درﺻﺪ روﯾﺶ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺷﺎﻫﯽ و ذرت ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮع روش ﺧﺎكورزي ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻮد؛ ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ در روش ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﯾﺎﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون + داي ﮐﺎﻣﺒﺎ ، ﯾﺪوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ+ﻣﺰوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون و ﻣﺖﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ + ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻌﺪي در ﺗﻨﺎوب آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﺰﻧﻨﺪ، ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﻣﺖﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ + ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﺧﺎك ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻮد. از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮوﻣﻮﮐﺴﯿﻨﯿﻞ+ امﺳﯽ ﭘﯽ اي و ﮐﻠﻮدﯾﻨﺎﻓﻮپ ﭘﺮوﭘﺎرژﯾﻞ + ﺗﺮيﺑﻨﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰي در ﺧﺎك داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻌﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻌﺪي در ﺗﻨﺎوب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

This experiment was conducted to study the residual effect of some wheat herbicides on following corn (Zea mays L.) crop under different tillage systems in Karaj province. Tillage treatments included: conventional tillage, minimum tillage and, no-tillage. Herbicide treatments were: 1- bromoxynil + MCPA (EC 40%) 1.5 lit/ha, 2- triasulfuron + dicamba (WG 70%) 150 gr/ha, 3- mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (62 WG) 400 gr/ha, 4- metsulfuron methyl + sulfosulfuron (w/v %5+75WG) 36 gr/ha, 5- tribenuron methyl (EC 8%) + clodinafop propargyl (DF 75%) 20 gr/ha and 0.8 lit/ha respectively, as well as unweeded control (without herbicide). Soil sampling for bioassay tests made from surface layer (0-12.5 cm) and, sub-surface layer (12.5-25 cm). Bioassay experiment was conducted with Cress (Lepidium sativum) as a test plant and corn. Cress emergence percentage and cress and corn dry matter and height was assessed. Results indicated that herbicide bio- availability was depended on tillage system; in fact herbicide bio-availability was minimum in no-tillage systems. Triasulfuron + dicamba, mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium and metsulfuron methyl + sulfosulfuron were the most persistent herbicide based on bio-availability, respectively. Therefore, these herbicides may damage the following corn crop in rotation although, corn was more tolerant to metsulfuron methyl + sulfosulfuron. On the other hand, the persistence of bromoxynil + MCPA and tribenuron methyl + clodinafop propargyl herbicides in the soil was negligible and damage seems unlikely by theses herbicide in rotation.