اثر دز و زمان مصرف علف كش ريمسولفورون بر كنترل برخي علف هاي هرز و عملكرد غده سيب زميني ( Solanum tuberosum)

The Effect of Rimsulfuron Application Time and Dose on Weed Control and Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tuber Yield

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ دز و زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ رﯾﻤﺴﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻏﺪه ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي در ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ اردﺑﯿﻞ در ﺳﺎل 1393 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ رﯾﻤﺴﻮﻟﻔﻮرون )ﺻﻔﺮ، 40 ،30 ،20 ،10 ،5 و 50 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ رﯾﻤﺴﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺪي ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ )ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن، اﺳﺘﻮﻟﻮنزاﯾﯽ و ﺣﺠﯿﻢﺷﺪن ﻏﺪه( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﮏ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر وﺟﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ )ﺑﺪون ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد رﯾﻤﺴﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 50 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 94/6 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون وﺟﯿﻦ )ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز( ﺷﺪ. ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ دزﻫﺎي 30 و 40 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر اﺧﺘﻼف آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. از ﺑﯿﻦ زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد رﯾﻤﺴﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺪي ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز را اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮد. از ﺳﻮﯾﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد رﯾﻤﺴﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 50 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ وزن ﻏﺪه در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﮏ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻞ ﻏﺪه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر را اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮد. ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ دزﻫﺎي 40 ،30 و 50 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر اﺧﺘﻼف آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ رﯾﻤﺴﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرت را ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ وارد ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﺸﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﯽ ﺑﻮد.

In order to study the effect of rimsulfuron application time and dose on weed control and potato tuber yield, a field experiment was carried out in Ardabil during 2014. Treatments included different rates of rimsulfuron (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g ai ha-1), and rimsulfuron application time at different potato growing stages (potato emergence, stolon initiation and potato tuber bulking). A weed free treatment was also considered as control for evaluating potato yield components. Results showed that application of 50 g ai ha-1 rimsulfuron reduced weed biomass by 94.6 %. Which was not statistically different from 30 and 40 g ai ha-1. Among rimsulfuron application times, potato emergence produced maximum percent reduction of weed biomass. On the other hand, application of 50 g ai ha-1 at potato emergence stage caused the highest mean weight of potato tuber, tuber per plant and total tuber yield. There was no significant difference between 20, 30 and 40 g ai ha-1. Visual assessment results showed that rimsulfuron had minimum harm in potatoes which was negligible.