پديد آورندگان :
ﻋﺒﺎﺳﯿﺎن، ارﺳﻄﻮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪﮐﺎووس , ﻧﺦ زري ﻣﻘﺪم، ﻋﻠﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪﮐﺎووس , پيردﺷﺘﯽ، ﻫﻤﺖاﻟﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪﮐﺎووس , ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﯽ ﭘﻮرﻋﻠﻤﺪاري، اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪﮐﺎووس
كليدواژه :
ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ , زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده , ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧه , ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ
چكيده فارسي :
اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ 1392 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط دو ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﯿﺮ و ﻧﺨﻮد ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﻨﺒﺪﮐﺎووس و ﺳﺎري، ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺗﻨﻮع، ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و زﯾﺴﺖ-ﺗﻮده ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط در ﻧﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﯿﺮ، ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻧﺨﻮد ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ، ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ 25 : 50 ،75 :75 ،50 : 25 درﺻﺪ، ﻣﺨﻠﻮط اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ 25 + 50 ،100 +75 ،100 + 100 ،100 + 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺨﻮدﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ و ﺳﯿﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، زﯾﺴﺖﺗﻮده ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 2080/5 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 1479/4 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس (44/88 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ) از ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن زﯾﺴﺖﺗﻮده (3387/3 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ) و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز (61/83 ﻋﺪد در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﯿﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎري و ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ 75% ﻧﺨﻮدﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ+ 25% ﺳﯿﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﺎرﮔﺎﻟﻒ، ﻣﻨﻬﯿﻨﮏ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻧﻮن-واﯾﻨﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎري )ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ: 1/01 ،1/33 و 1/96( در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻨﺒﺪﮐﺎووس (ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 0/7 ،/86 و 1/03) ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ، دو ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﺳﯿﻤﭙﺴﻮن )0/63( در ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻧﺨﻮد ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن-واﯾﻨﺮ (0/89) در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 75% ﻧﺨﻮد ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ+ 25% ﺳﯿﺮ در ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس داراي ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻮد. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺮﮔﺮ-ﭘﺎرﮔﺮ (0/77) در ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﯿﺮ در ﺳﺎري، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻧﻮن- واﯾﻨﺮ )1/42( و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺳﯿﻤﭙﺴﻮن (3/94) ﻫﺮ دو در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 75% ﻧﺨﻮدﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ+ 25% ﺳﯿﺮ در ﺳﺎري از ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ و ﺧﺎﮐﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻮع ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﮏﮐﺸﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
This study was conducted as intercropping of garlic and peas to assess the diversity, bio-mass, and population of weeds in two regions of Gonbad Kavoos and Sari during autumn 2013. The experiment was implemented in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in both regions. Different combinations of intercropping were considered in nine levels of garlic and peas pure cultures, replacement intercropping of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75%, and additive intercropping of 100+25, 100+50, 100+75, 100+100 for garlic and peas. Results showed that the average biomass value of weeds in Sari (2080.5 gm-2) was greater than in Gonbad region. However, a higher weed density (44.88 m-2) was observed in Gonbad. The highest levels of biomass (3387.3 gm-2) and density (61.83 m-2) of weeds were measured for garlic pure culture in Sari and the intercropping replacement of 75% peas:25% garlic in Gonbad Kavoos. Mean value of Margalef species richness index, Menhinick index, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were calculated as 1.33, 1.01, and 1.96 in Sari, respectively, which were higher than 0.86, 0.7, and 1.03 in Gonbad. By contrast, the Simpson's dominance index (0.63) for peas pure culture and Shannon-Wiener evenness index (0.89) to replacement intercropping of 75% peas: 25% garlic were greater in Gonbad Kavoos. Berger-Prager diversity index (0.77) for pure garlic culture, and both Shannon diversity (1.42) and Simpson's diversity (3.94) indices for replacement intercropping of 75% peas: 25% garlic were greater in Sari. There was a difference between the two regions in terms of climatic and edaphic characteristics which resulted differences in weed diversity indices, intercropping increased diversity while reducing dominance as compared to the monoculture cropping system in both regions.
