عنوان به زبان ديگر :
Reviewing the Sensory Motor Skills Impairment and Its Psychological Consequences in Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Attention Deficit- Hyper Activity Disorder and Specific Learning Disabilities
كليدواژه :
آسيب مهارت‌هاي حسي-حركتي , ناتواني‌هاي رشدي و ذهني , اختلال يادگيري ويژه , اختلال نقص توجه و بيش فعالي , پيامدهاي روان‌شناختي
چكيده فارسي :
هدف: در فرآيند تحول، رشد بهنجار توانايي حسي-حركتي از مؤلفه‌هاي اصلي سازگاري، سلامت جسماني، اجتماعي و رشد شناختي به‌حساب‌مي‌آيد؛ اين مهارت توانايي دست‌كاري محيط از سوي كودك را فراهم كرده و باعث افزايش ظرفيت‌هاي هوشي و تعامل كافي با محيط و همسالان مي‌شود. آسيب‌هاي فرآيند تحولي مجموعه‌اي از توانايي‌ها را تحت تأثير خود قرار مي‌دهد. هدف پژوهش حاضر از بين مجموعه آسيب‌ها، بررسي آسيب مهارت‌هاي حسي-حركتي و پيامدهاي روان‌شناختي آن در كودكان داراي ناتواني‌هاي رشدي و ذهني ، كودكان با اختلال كمبود توجه و بيش فعالي و كودكان با اختلال يادگيري ويژه است . اين سه اختلال جزء اختلال‌هاي با ميزان شيوع بالا در فرآيندهاي تحولي مي‌باشند.
روش بررسي: در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش مروريو با انتخاب مقالات و كتاب‌هاي موجود در بين سال‌هاي 1965 تا 2013 از پايگاه‌هاي اطلاعاتي شامل Medline, Proquest, Scopus, Elsevier اطلاعات مورد نظر در مورد متغير حركت درباره كودكان با ناتواني‌هاي رشدي و ذهني، اختلال نقص توجه-بيش فعالي و اختلال يادگيري ويژه جمع‌آوري و مورد بررسي قرار گرفت.
يافته‌ها: تولد كودكان با اختلالات عصبي تحولي با توجه به نقص‌هاي شناختي، عاطفي و رفتاري اختلالشان، چالش عمده‌اي براي جامعه و خانواده بوده است. عوامل آسيب‌زاي فرايندهاي تحولي، مهارت‌هاي اصلي روان‌شناختي از جمله رشد مهارت‌هاي حسي-حركتي را در كودكان ، با ناتواني‌هاي رشدي و ذهني و با اختلال نقص توجه و بيش فعالي و با اختلال يادگيري ويژه تحت تأثير منفي قرار داده و اين گروه‌ها را در معرض آسيب‌هاي اجتماعي از جمله طرد از سوي همسالان، خود پنداره ضعيف، عزت نفس و كيفيت زندگي پايين و مشكلات تحصيلي قرار مي‌دهد.
نتيجه‌گيري: انجام مداخلات به هنگام مهارت‌هاي حسي-حركتي به همراه ديگر مداخله‌ها، براي اين گروه از كودكان ضروري به نظر مي‌رسد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background: In human being developmental process, normal development of sensory motor abilities are the main factors to adaptability, physically, social health and cognitive development. This normal skill has been bring the oportunity for human being for the ability to manipulation of environment typically by children. This abilities lead to increasing intellectual and inviromental adaptive capacity and sufficient interaction with peers and environment. The damages of development process, influence many abilities such as cognitive, emotions, physical, perception and interpersonal skills in the children as well, the developmental and intellectual disabilities, specific learning disabilities and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders are main neurodevelopmental disorders that have been researched by many related interdisciplinary team to identifying of causes, treatment, management training, parent and teacher education and how prevention and early intervention. The main aim of current research was to study the sensory motor skills impairment and its psychological consequences in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability. These three disorders are the high prevalence disorders in development process.
Materials: In this research with using review method and selecting papers and books from 1965-2013 in Medline, Scopus, ProQuest and Elsevier the information about the movement children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability were collected and systematically reviewed .
Results: Birth of the neurodevelopmental disorders children has been major challenges to society, families as well, due to their cognitive, affective and behavioral deficits, in the same vein. Traumatic factors of development process have negative influence on the main psychological skills such as growth of sensory motor skills in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and with specific learning disability and encounter them to social damage such as rejection by peers, poor self- concept, poor self-esteem and quality of life and educational problems.
conclusion: regarding to importance of sensory motor abilities development in human being to reach and achieving of doing early life skills, Doing early intervention about sensory motor skills along with other intervention, is necessary for this children. To more effecting of intervention to managing of challenging behaviors and other inappropriate social behavior due to chronic condition cooperative of intradisiplonary research and team work are needed, early intervention such as basic concept training typically for intellectual and developmental disabilities a long with sensory motor skills (e.g. Fine and Gross motor skills) and interpersonal skills (e.g. conversion skills, find and keep of useful relation with peers) in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder a long with sensory perceptual skills and sensory motor abilities and special academic intervention for achievement of children with specific learning disability along with social supports typically in Iran can be useful to neurodevelopment groups.
