تاثير دما بر جوانه زني و رويش علف هاي هرز كشيده برگ گندم وحشي ( Triticum boeoticum Boiss ) و جودره ( Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch)

The effect of temperature on germination and emergence of wild wheat (Triticum boeoticum Boiss) and wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch)

ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ دﻣﺎﻫﺎي آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و روﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در داﻣﻨﻪ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ 40 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و روﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎﯾﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﯾﺨﺒﻨﺪان ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت و ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪت ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺑﺮگ ﮔﻨﺪم وﺣﺸﯽ و ﺟﻮدره ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت دو ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﺑﺮازش داده ﺷﺪه دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، دﻣﺎي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ و ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ دﻣﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪدار ﮔﻨﺪم وﺣﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 0/79 24 28 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺬور ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﮏدار ﺟﻮدره ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 0/82 30/6 , 36 ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ روﯾﺶ ﺑﺬور ﮔﻨﺪم وﺣﺸﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪدار ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺶ رژﯾﻢ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺐ و روز ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 71/3 درصد بود . ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ و ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪدار ﮔﻨﺪم وﺣﺸﯽ در داﺧﻞ ﭘﺘﺮيدﯾﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺶ رژﯾﻢ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 70/5 17/9 درصد بود در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺬور ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪدار ﮔﻨﺪم وﺣﺸﯽ ﺑﺮاي رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي دﻣﺎﯾﯽ 10/1، 30/10 ، 35/15 5 اﺻﻼً ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻧﯿﻔﺘﺎد و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺮآوردي (79 درﺻﺪ) ﺑﺮاي رژﯾﻢ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ 15/10 15 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ رژﯾﻢﻫﺎي دﻣﺎﯾﯽ 20/5 و 25/10 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 14 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪدار ﮔﻨﺪم وﺣﺸﯽ در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ داﺧﻞ ﭘﺘﺮيدﯾﺶ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ روﯾﺶ ﺑﺬور ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در داﺧﻞ ﺧﺎك ﮔﻮﯾﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺬر اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﺟﺬبﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ آن ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر ﺣﺎدث ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد.

A series of laboratory tests were conducted on wild wheat and wild barely, collected from dryland wheat farms of Lorestan province to determine the effect of temperature on their germination and emergence. Treatments included tempereatures raging 0-40 °C. According to the two segments equations fitted to the trend of seed germination, different constant temperatures, base temperature, optimum temperature and maximum temperature for germination of wild wheat intact seed with seed coat (lemma and palea), were estimated at 0.79, 24 and 28 °C respectively, as for wild barley were estimated at 0.82, 30.6 and 36 °C respectively. Average emergence of wild wheat intact seeds planted in the soil at six fluctuating temperatures of day/night regimes was 71.3%. A average of wild wheat dehusked and intact seeds germination in Petri dish experiments for six fluctuating temperatures of day/night regimes, were 70.5 and 17.9 percent respectively. In the case of wild wheat, intact seeds for day/night regimes of 10/1, 30/10 and 35/15 °C seed germination did not happen, and maximum seed germination (79%) was achieved for the 15/10 °C temperature regime. Under these conditions, wild wheat intact seed germination mean of 20/5 and 25/10 °C temperature regimes were 14 percent. The lower mean germination of wild wheat intact seeds with lemma and palea in the testing germination in Petri dishes compared with the mean of dehusked seed germination without lemma and palea, and the emergence mean of intact seeds planted in the soil suggest existence of probable inhibitor substances in the seed coat, that under soil conditions are leached from the surrounding environment of the seed