بررسي و نقد نظريه پي ير بورديو بر مبناي حكمت صدرايي

Review and Criticism of Pierre Bourdieu's Theory based on the Sadraee Wisdom

در اين مقال نخست مبناي نظري حكمت صدرايي به عنوان ملاك ارزيابي تشريح شده و آنگاه منظومه فكري بورديو مطرح و به نقد ديدگاه او مبادرت مي شود. در مبناي نظري بحث اصالت وجودي فرد و جامعه ، حركت جوهري ، مقيقت انسان، منابع شناخت، فطرت گرايي و تكامل گرايي از نظر ملاصدرا بيان شده است. و در رويكرد انتقادي بورديو، تلاش براي از ميان برداشتن ضديت كاذب ميان عينيت گرايي و ذهنيت گرايي، بررسي طبيعت ثانوي و تجارب جامعه شناسان درون عرصه ها به عنوان جهاني علمي و آكادميك ، عاملان اجتماعي را شناسايي دانستن كه از دلايل پيروي مي كنند و نه محكومان نيروهاي مكانيكي و انتخاب گران خود آگاه و اعتقاد به اينكه طبيعت ثانويه در درون فضا ها و عرصه ها شكل مي گيرد و عرصه ها ساختارهايي هستند كه استراتژي ها و مبارزه ها درآن رخ مي دهد؛ از جمله مباحثي است كه پيگيري شده است. ناتواني در تلفيق عامليت- ساخت و برداشت ناتمام از جامعه سنتي و مدرن و منطق رفتار در اين جوامع، ارائه راهي براي برون رفت از جبر گرايي و تعينات اجتماعي از جمله مواردي است كه در نقد بورديو مورد توجه قرار گرفته و در پايان تلاش شده است با ارائه نظريه هويت فضا، غلبه احساسات؛ غلبه تعلقات اجتماعي و گزينش عقلاني و ارائه مدل حركت فرد و جامعه گزارش دقيقتري از فرآيند تحولات جامعه انساني ارائه گردد.

At first, this article explained the theoretical foundations of Sadraee wisdom as a criterion for evaluation, then; it discussed the Bourdieu’s intellectual system and then is criticized his approach. In discussing the theoretical foundations of authenticity of individual and society, substantial motion, human truth, knowledge, integration and development-oriented nature based on Sadra’s point of view are expressed. However, some of the issues that are addressed in Bourdieu’s critical approach are: trying to eliminate the false opposition between objectivism and subjectivism; the study of Second Nature and sociologists’ experience in different fields of study as a scientific and academic world; Social actors are known as those who follow reasoning, not those who are condemn to mechanical forces and self-aware selectors and believed that Second Nature is shaped within the space and fields; and fields are structures where strategies and fights are occurred within them. According to Bourdieu, the modernization is the process of differentiation and legal, political, intellectual, artistic, and etc self-independence (the narrow domain) from more areas of public power (wider domain)Some of the subjects that are considered in Bourdieu's critique include the inability to integrate agency-structure, incomplete understanding of traditional and modern society and logic of behavior in these communities, and offering a way to obviate determinism and social properties. Finally, it has been tried to present a more accurate report of the process of human society development by providing identity-environment theory, overcoming emotions, overcoming social belonging, rational selection, and presenting movement of individual and society model.