چشم اندازها‌ (اسطوره ها) و‌ بايسته هاي‌ تغييرات‌ اجتماعي‌ از‌ منظر‌ گفتمان هاي‌ اسلام گرا‌‌

The prospects and necessities of social changes proposed by Islamic discourses

در ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي اﺳﻼمﮔﺮا، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم ﺟﻬﺖ، ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻻﮐﻼ و ﻣﻮﻓـ ﻪ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻣﻌﻨـﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺮده ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي اﺳﻼمﮔﺮا را در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺧﺮده ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻧﻮﮔﺮا، اﺻﻞﮔﺮا، و ﺗﻤﺪنﮔﺮا (ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿـﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﻨﺎد ﻣﻮﺟﻮد از ﺳﻮژهﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي آﻧﻬـﺎ) ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻧﻤـﻮده و اﺳـﻄﻮره و ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ را اراﺋـﻪ ﻧﻤـﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮥ ﺑﯿﺪاري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و ﺟﻬﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﺧﺮده ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬـﺎي اﺳــﻼمﮔــﺮا ﻣﻔﺼــﻞ ﺑﻨــﺪي ﺷــﺪه ﺑــﺎ اﯾــﻦ وﺟــﻮد ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺟــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻧﻈــﺎم ﻣﻌﻨــﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻔــﺎوت آﻧﻬــﺎ، اﺳﻄﻮره(ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز) و ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺛﻤﺮ رﺳﯿﺪن آن ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣـﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ ﻣﺘﻤـﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﻄﻮرهاي ﮐﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﻮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾـﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ «ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺘﮥ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ»، اﺳـﻄﻮرة ﮔﻔﺘﻤـﺎن اﺻـﻞ ﮔﺮاﯾـﯽ «ﺑﺎزﮔﺸـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﮥاﺳﻼﻣﯽ» (ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن ﺳﺒﮏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺳﻨﺖ ﺳﻠﻒ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ) و اﺳـﻄﻮرة ﺗﻤـﺪن ﮔﺮاﯾـﺎن ﻧﯿـﺰ اﯾﺠـﺎد «ﺗﻤﺪن ﻧﻮﯾﻦ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ« ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨـﻮن ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴـﺘﻪاﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﯿﮏ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻟﺬا ﭼﺸﻢاﻧـﺪاز ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ در ﻣﻌﺮض رﻗﺎﺑﺖﻫﺎي ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار دارد.

In Islamic discourses, social changes in the Islamic societies have led into various orientations, meanings, and musts. Drawing upon the discourse analysis methods proposed by Laclau and Mouffe, the aim of this paper is to analyze the semantic systems of Islamic subdiscourses including modernist, fundamentalist, and civilization-oriented ones and indicates the myths and necessities each one put forward for social change in the Islamic world. This analysis is based on the existing documents regarding the political topics which have influenced the formation of the mentioned subdiscourses. While Islamic awakening has been articulated as the source and direction of these changes in the three-fold discourses, they introduce different myths and musts to complete social changes. It is due to the fact that these subdiscources have different semantic systems. The findings suggest that the musts commanded by modernist, fundamentalist and civilization-oriented discourses are the realization of “Islamic modernity”, “a return to the Islamic society” which existed during the righteous predecessors (al-Salaf al-Salih) period, and the formation of a “modern Islamic civilization”, respectively. Since none of these discourses have been able to become the hegemonic discourse in the Islamic world, the outlook of social changes is subject to discursive competitions.