روايت وَرِ جمكرد در شاهنامه؛ بازخواني چند بيت داستان جمشيد بر اساس دستنويس شاهنامۀ نويافتۀ سن ژوزف

Var-e Jamkard Narrative in Shahnameh; Readouting some Verses of Jamshid’s Story According to the Newly Found Manuscript of Shahnameh(Saint Joseph)

يكي از مهمترين خويش كاريهاي جمشيد كه در منابع كهن ايراني – از جمله اوستا – به آن اشاره شده، ساختن پناهگاه و دژي به نام ور جمكرد است. آيا ميتوان پنداشت كه در شاهنامۀ فردوسي از اين مهمترين خويش كاري جمشيد نشاني نيامده باشد؟ دستنويس نويافتۀ شاهنامه – مشهور به سن ژوزف – اثبات ميكند كه روايت ور جمكرد در شاهنامه آمده است. در اين شاهنامه و در بخش مورد نظر از قصۀ جمشيد، واژه هايي آمده كه با اندكي دقت و توجه ميتوان دريافت كه ور جمكرد در روايت فردوسي از جمشيد آمده است. روش اين مقاله بر پايۀ سنجش و تطبيق بيتهاي دو شاهنامۀ دستنوشت سن ژوزف بيروت و لندن 675، و شاهنامه هاي مشهور چاپي – از جمله شاهنامه به تصحيح دكتر خالقي مطلق و شاهنامه به تصحيح دانشمندان روسي در ويرايش سوم آن است. در نهايت با متن اوستا – به‌ويژه ونديداد – نيز كه از جمشيد و ور جمكرد به‌گستردگي سخن گفته، مقايسه شده است.

Building a haven or a citadel named Var-e Jamkard is one of the most significant functions of Jamshid narrative; which is cited in ancient Persian sources like Avestā and especially in Pahlavid sources. But can it be considered that there haven't existed even a sign of this most significant function of Jamshid in Shāhnāme of Ferdowsi; which plays whether or not a distinguished roll in resurrection myths? The studies discussed in this paper affirm that Var-e Jamkard is clearly showed in the variation of Jamshid narrative that quoted by Ferdowsi in Shāhnāme. We have deducted this fact from newfound Shāhnāme which is known as 'St Joseph manuscript'. This manuscript is facsimiled in 2010 by Iraj-e Afshār, Mahmud-e Omidsālār, and Nāder-e Mottalebi-ye Kāshāni. This ancient authentic manuscript is kept in the Library of Saint Joseph University of Beirut; and is recently represented by Seyyed Mostafā Musavi to scholars. In this manuscript, there are special words in the tale of Jamshid which clearly corroborate that Var-e Jamkard exists in the Ferdowsi's variety of Jamshid narrative. In St Joseph manuscript for instance, we see the word 'charāgāh' instead of 'garmābe' that is saw in all other manuscripts and printed editions of Shāhnāme. In this paper, we evaluate and compare this special section of the book in different credible manuscripts like St Joseph and London 675, beside well-known printed editions of Shāhnāme like Xāleqi-ye Motlaq and third edition of Moscow. Eventually, the expression of Jamshid and Var-e Jamkard is compared in Shāhnāme and Avestā, especially the Vandidād part of it.