يهوديان در ديوانسالاري مرينيان (591- 869 ق)

Jews in Marinid Bureaucracy (591 – 869 A.H

مرينيان كه حكومتشان در مغرب اقصي قريب به سه سده طول كشيد، با اهل ذمه رفتار مسالمت آميزي داشتند و يهوديان، از جمله ذمياني بودند كه در سايه ي تسامح مرينيان، از آزادي هاي ديني و اجتماعي برخوردار شدند؛ بهگونه اي كه برخي از آنان، از جمله بني رقاصه، به دربار راهيافته، به مناصب مهم ديواني دست يافتند. در اين پژوهش، با تتبع در منابع، به بررسي چگونگي و دلايل ورود يهوديان به دربار مرينيان پرداخته شده و با تبيين نقش آنان در ديوانسالاري، تاثير آنها بر حكومت و جامعۀ اسلامي، تحليل و ارزيابي شده است. عدم تعلقات مذهبي برخي سلاطين و نيازهاي مالي آنان از يكسو، و ثروت يهوديان و آشنايي آنان با امور ديواني از ديگر سو، سبب ورود يهوديان به دربار مرينيان گرديد؛ اما باوجود برخورداري از حمايت سلاطين، در پيشبرد اهداف حكومت مؤثر نيفتادند؛ زيرا بيش از خدمت به حكومت، در صدد حفظ منافع خود و دسيسه چيني و فتنه انگيزي بر ضد مسلمانان بودند.

Marinid who ruled Morocco for three centuries, treated Dhimmis (non-Muslims living in Islamic state under the protection of the government) with tolerance. In such situations the Jews enjoyed religious and social freedom so that a number of them including Banu Ruqqasa managed to enter the court and were put in charge of crucial positions. After analyzing sources, the process and reasons behind appearance of the Jews in Marinid court will be assessed and their role in Bureaucracy, their influence on government and Islamic society will be described in the present paper. As some rulers were not religiously devoted and they required financial sources while Jews were wealthy and familiar with bureaucratic affairs, they managed to enter Marinid court. However, although they were supported by the rulers, they were not useful in achieving government's goals, as they were mostly focused on maintaining their interests and organizing conspiracies against Muslims