بررسي ارتباط بين سيگار و افت شنوايي در مواجهه با صدا در يك صنعت خودرو سازي

Relationship between smoking and hearing impairment of automotive industry workers exposed to noise

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﮐﺎر در ﻣﺤﯿﻄﻬﺎي ﭘﺮ ﺻﺪا، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﯾﮕﺮي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ در اﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ دﺧﯿﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ، اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺳﯿﮕﺎر اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات ﺳﯿﮕﺎر ﺑﺮ اﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان در ﻣﺤﯿﻄﻬﺎي ﮐﺎري در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان از ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺗﻮﻧﺎل (اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ) ﯾﺎ Air-Conduction اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ اﻓﺮاد از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭼﮏ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮرد ﺷﺎﻫﺪي ﺑﻮد و ﺑﺮ روي ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮدروﺳﺎزي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ 250 ﻧﻔﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وارد ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ 133 ﻧﻔﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﯿﮕﺎري و 117 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻏﯿﺮﺳﯿﮕﺎري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه 36/07±3/66 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاز ﻓﺸﺎر ﺻﻮت در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ISO، 86 دﺳﯿﺒﻞ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ در ﮔﻮش راﺳﺖ و ﮔﻮش ﭼﭗ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﺳﯿﮕﺎري و ﻏﯿﺮﺳﯿﮕﺎري اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷﺖ. اﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ در اﮐﺜﺮ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎ در اﻓﺮاد ﺳﯿﮕﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از اﻓﺮاد ﻏﯿﺮﺳﯿﮕﺎري ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﮕﺎر داراي اﺛﺮات ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد اﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﺪاي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ادواري اودﯾﻮﻣﺘﺮي در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻓﺮاد ﺳﯿﮕﺎري ﮐﻪ دﭼﺎر اﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﯾﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ از ﮐﺮي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد.

Introduction: Working in noisy environments may cause hearing loss. Studies have shown that some factors along with noise are independently involved in hearing loss, one of which is cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on hearing loss in workers exposed to occupational noise. Methods: The workers’ hearing loss was measured through a tonal hearing test (air-conduction). Their demographic information was also recorded and evaluated using some checklists. This was a casecontrol study on workers of an automotive industry. Results: A total of 250 people were enrolled in this study, of whom 133 were smokers and 117 were non-smokers. The mean age of the participants was 36.07 ± 3.66 years, and there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of age. The mean sound pressure level in the work environment was 86 dB based on the ISO standard. There was a significant difference between the hearing loss levels in the right and the left ears of two groups of smokers and non-smokers. Hearing loss at most frequencies was higher in smokers. Conclusion: In general, smoking plays a significant role in hearing loss along with other factors, such as noise in the workplace, and conducting periodic audiometric tests to identify smokers with hearing impairment can be effective in primary or secondary prevention of occupational hearing impairment.