كليدواژه :
اسكان اضطراري , بحرانهاي شهري , بلاياي طبيعي , شهر اروميه , GIS
چكيده لاتين :
he environmental health conditions faced by people are largely affected by the location and organization of the site where they obliged to live in the days, weeks or months after a disaster. Sheltering which is a priority for relief organizations, denotes the activity of staying in a place aftermath a disaster where daily routines are suspended. Shelter is one of the primary needs of the affected people in the post-disaster phase. Similar to the other reconstruction and rehabilitation processes, settlement of the affected people should be undertaken within a long-term strategy. This strategy could be different in various disasters and communities. In an ideal type which is applied in the United States, it includes four phases. These are emergency sheltering, temporary sheltering, temporary housing and permanent housing. Emergency shelters are generally for one or a couple of days after the event. This situation usually does not need extensive preparation of food or other services and may be a public shelter, motel, hotel room, friend’s house, tent, trailer, camper, or a plastic sheet. Temporary shelters are for longer periods after a disaster that is few weeks, and can be tent, camp or a public mass shelter. Finally, housing which could be divided into temporary or permanent phases; denotes the return to normal daily activities. Shelter strategy in some communities differs from this and comprises three phases. Here emergency sheltering is not limited to one or a couple of days and may take several weeks. It is needed to have various sheltering programs in place. They could be activated in different situations depending on the types of damages and available resources. If not planned, choosing proper site for emergency or temporary shelters will be arranged within a limited time after a disaster. Moreover, lack of proper criteria for site selection can be led to undesirable consequences or people deny accepting the site. Some consequences include subsequent secondary disasters, lack of safety, cultural or climatic inappropriateness, social problems, delays linked to the procurement of shelters, finding sites, and lack of organizational services. Some available texts such as the Sphere project present the minimum standards of sheltering in disasters. But the question is “which criteria can be applied for site selection of emergency or temporary shelters in an earthquake affected area?” so the assessment of Salmas earthquake (1930), Lar (1960), Buin Zahra (1962), Rudbar and Manjil (1960), earthquake (2003) act. Characterized that Iranian cities have not integrate planning to in the context of dealing with potential crises.
study showed that several factors affect the Emergency Settlement Site Selections The natural dimension (the distance from the river, away from faults), The performance dimensions (distance from volatile sources such as high voltage, Privacy highways, etc.), since access (distance from the fire departments, educational, health, security, etc.), Security (such as maintaining ownership, protect property, ensure permanent settlements, etc.) and finally management measures (management of rescue, Refugee operations, Aid to refugees, providing space for health services, providing the opportunity to exploit the camps and etc.) Most play an effective role on Emergency Settlement Site Selections.
