ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰاﺳﯿﻮن ﺑﺮ رﯾﺴﮏ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ـ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان واﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻗﺎرچ ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ

Effect of mechanization on the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among workers of an edible mushroom producing unit

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰاﺳﯿﻮن ﯾﮑﯽ از راهﻫﺎي ﮔﺬر از ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ و روﺣﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻼح ﺷﯿﻮه، اﺑﺰار و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﯽﻫﺎي اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ـ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ و ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰاﺳﯿﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﯽﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪاي و ﺑﺮ روي 80 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان ﻣﺮد ﯾﮏ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي ﻗﺎرچ ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ دو روش ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻗﺎرچ ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰاﺳﯿﻮن، از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮردﯾﮏ و ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻓﺸﺎر ﮐﺎري وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺪن در ﺣﯿﻦ ﮐﺎر از روش ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻣﺠﺬور ﮐﺎي و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻟﺠﺴﺘﯿﮏ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ درد ﮐﻤﺮ، زاﻧﻮ، ﺷﺎﻧﻪ، اﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎن دﺳﺖ و ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه ﺷﺪن؛ درد ﮐﻤﺮ و زاﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ و ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪﻧﯽ؛ و درد ﮐﻤﺮ، زاﻧﻮ، ﺷﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﺎزو ﺑﺎ ﺳﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ـ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰاﺳﯿﻮن، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻗﺎرچ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪ.

Agricultural mechanization is a method for transition from traditional toward industrialized and sustainable agriculture. It aims to reduce workers’ physical and psychological discomfort using redesigned equipment and work conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) risk factors and effect of implementing mechanization to reduce these disorders. Method: This interventional study was conducted on 80 male workers to evaluate and compare two methods including traditional and mechanized methods of an edible mushroom production unit. The Nordic MSDs Questionnaire and mixed-method were used to collect data and the postural workloads evaluation before and after the mechanization, respectively. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Regression analysis showed significant relationship between shoulder, fingers, and wrist with mechanization. Moreover, our analysis showed an association between the pain of back and knee, with the number of working hours per week and body mass index, as well as between the pain of back, knee, shoulder and arm with the age of participants. Conclusion: Due to significant reduction in MSDs after mechanization, use of standard equipment in the semi-mechanized levels of mushroom harvesting and packaging may be recommended.