ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ (اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ- ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ) ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎر و ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﮔﻮﭼﯽ (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار)

Improving physical strain (musculoskeletal) environment and ergonomic intervention using the Taguchi method (case study software support firm)

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي ﺳﺒﺐ درد و زﯾﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان، ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎ، ﺻﻨﺪوق ﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﺮآوردﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﮐﺎر، ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﺎر ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان، ﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺣﻮادث ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺮگ آﻧﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﯿﺰان اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ـ عضلاني ﯾﮏ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، 70 اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﯽ ﻫﺎي اﺳـﮑﻠﺘﯽ ـﻌﻀـﻼﻧﯽ ﮐﺮﻧـﻞ و روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ اداري (ROSA5) ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ROSA ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 11/43 درﺻﺪ از اﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎ در ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻫﺸﺪار و 88/57 درﺻﺪ از آن ﻫﺎ در ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش¬ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﮔﻮﭼﯽ، اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻻزم اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ 5/74 و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد آن و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 7 درﺻﺪي ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺸﺪار را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. نتيجه ﮔﯿﺮي: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اوﻟﯿﻪ اي از ﻧﻈﺎرت روي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺗـﻨﺶ اداري و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﯽ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺪن و ﻧﻤﺮات ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺗـﻨﺶ اداري ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روش ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﺗﺎﮔﻮﭼﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

Introduction: Professional and occupational diseases, impose large losses to workers, enterprises, social security funds and their communities. According to International Labor Organization estimates, work-related diseases are six times more likely to cause death compared to work-related accidents. The aim of this study was to assess and improve musculoskeletal disorders in a support unio‎n of a software company in Tehran. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 70 randomly selected operators were enrolled. Data from the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) and Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) methods were collected. Data were then analyzed using Pearson correlation test and analysis of variance and the improvement was evaluated using the Taguchi method. Results: ROSA results showed that 11.43 percent and 88.57 percent of operators were in the notification area and need for ergonomic interventions in the area, respectively. Conclusion: Using Taguchi method, designed to change workstations needed to be changed were selected and appropriate changes were applied. The results revealed improvements as a decrease in the average final score to 74.5, and a reduction of 7% in the ergonomic intervention at the alert level.